Table 2.
An overview of relations between histone lactylation and clinical investigations
| Disease Type | Cell Type | Lactylation Site | Related Molecules or Pathways | Downstream Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's Disease | Microglia | H4K12, H3K18 | PK-M2 | Cognitive impairment | 83, 84 |
| Normal Tissue | Murine and human cells | H3K18 | JunB, Glis1 | Cell differentiation and reprogramming | 74-77 |
| Septic Shock | Not mentioned | H3K18 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 78 |
| Not mentioned | Macrophages | Pan-lactylation | ATF4/c-Jun pathway, ARG1 | Polarization to M2 type | 89 |
| Lung Carcinoma | Macrophages | H3K18 | ARG1 | Polarization to M2 type | 90 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Macrophages | Pan-lactylation | BCAP | Polarization to M2 type | 100 |
| Prostate Cancer | Macrophages | H3K18 | Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Promotion of tumor growth | 103 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Myeloid Cells | H3K18 | METTL3 | Secretion of IL-6 and IL-10; Promotion of immunosuppressive TME | 109 |
| Malignant Pleural Effusion | NKT-like Cells | H3K18 | FOXP3 | Promotion of immunosuppressive TME | 112 |
| Not mentioned | Th-17 Cells | H3K18 | FOXP3, IL-17 | Promotion of reprogramming of Th-17 cells | 114 |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Tumor Cells | H3K18, H4K5, H4K8 and H4K12 | PD-L1 | Reduction of T cell response; Promotion of immune escape | 115 |
| Prostate Cancer | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | PD-L1 | Promotion of angiogenesis and immune escape | 116 |
| Glioblastoma | CAR-T Cells | H3K18 | Ectonucleotidase, CCR8 | Reduction of CAR-T therapy | 117 |
| Retinal Diseases | Macrophages | Pan-lactylation | YY1 | Promotion of angiogenesis | 118 |
| Myocardial Infarction | Epithelial Cells | Pan-lactylation | TGF-β/SMAD2 pathway | Promotion of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition | 121 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | H3K9, H3K14 | Glycolytic related enzymes | Reduction of tumor lactate production | 122 |
| Liver Fibrosis | Hepatic Stellate Cells | H3K9, H3K18, H4K8, H4K12 | Hexokinase-2 | Activation of hepatic stellate cells | 73 |
| Ocular Melanoma | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | YTHDF2, TP53 and PER1 | Promotion of tumorigenesis | 87 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Tumor Cells, Microbiomes | H4K8, H4K5 | LINC00152 | Promotion of tumorigenesis | 128 |
| Gastric Cancer | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Cuproptosis-related genes and lactylation-related genes | Reduction of immune response; Promotion of immune escape | 86, 131 |
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | VHL, PDGFRβ | Promotion of tumor proliferation | 132 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Diapause-like Tumor Cells | H4K8, H4K12, H3K14 | SMC4, ABC transporter | Promotion of drug resistance | 135 |
| Colorectal Cancer | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | RUBCNL | Promotion of drug resistance | 136 |
| Glioblastoma | Tumor Stem Cells | H3K18 | MAP4K4/JNK pathway, LINC01127, NF-κB pathway | Promotion of self-renewal of tumor stem cells | 137 |
| Lung Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | BZW2 | Metabolic reprogramming | 139 |
| Lung Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | H3K9, H3K18, H3K56 | AKR1B10 | Metabolic reprogramming; Promotion of drug resistance | 140 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | H3K9, H3K56 | Glycolytic-related enzymes | Metabolic reprogramming | 141 |
| HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Tumor Cells | Over 9000 lysine sites | Multiple metabolic pathways | Metabolic reprogramming | 142 |
| Bladder Cancer | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | CircXRN2, LATS1, LCN2, Hippo pathway | Promotion of glycolysis | 143 |
| Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Cancer | Tumor Cells | H3K18 | Numb/Parkin pathway | Neuroendocrine differentiation; Promotion of drug resistance | 146 |