Figure 2.

The mechanisms of exosomes in skin regeneration. (A) Exosomes could improve angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, and M2 macrophage polarization, and reduce ROS level, thus accelerating diabetic wound healing. (B) ADSC-exos containing miR-29a, miR-192-5p, and miR-7846-3p inhibit collagen production, proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast trans-differentiation of fibroblasts via targeting TGF-β/Smad pathway, resulting in reduced excessive fibrosis and scar formation. (C) Exosomes could up-regulate collagen synthesis and reduced oxidative stress of fibroblasts via activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway and inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, thus enhancing skin elasticity and easing the wrinkles for anti-aging.