Table 4.
The mechanism of exosomes in combating skin aging
| Exosome Source | Model | Mechanism | Potential Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUVECs | UVB-treated fibroblasts | Increased cell proliferation, collagen type Ⅰ, and decreased matrix MMP-1expression | Ameliorated the photo-aging of fibroblasts | (137) |
| Trophoblasts | Replicative senescent HDFs and UVB-treated HDFs | Up-regulated CXCL family gene expression | Restored the senility of fibroblasts | (138) |
| iPSCs | Reduced the expression of SA-β-Gal, MMP-1, and MMP-3, and restored the expression of collagen type I | Ameliorated the photo-aging of fibroblasts | (139) | |
| BMSCs | UVB-treated HDFs | Inhibited MAPK/AP-1 pathway activation | Protect skin from aging | (140) |
| ADSCs | Activated Nrf2 pathway, TGF-β/Smad pathway and inhibited MAPK/AP-1 pathway | Ameliorated the aging phenotype of fibroblasts | (141) | |
| BMSCs | Promoted collagen production and reduced oxidative stress accumulation via transferring miR-29b-3p | Ameliorated the photo-aging of fibroblasts | (142) | |
| Embryonic stem cells | Replicative, adriamycin-induced, and ionizing radiation-induced HDFs | Transferred miR-291a-3p and inhibited TGFBR2 | Ameliorated senescence of fibroblasts | (143) |
| MiR-1246-overexpressing ADSCs | UVB-induced photo-aging mice | Inhibited the MAPK/AP-1 , NFκB pathways and activated TGF-β/SMAD pathways | Improved wrinkle formation, and epidermis thickening. | (144) |
| HucMSC | UV radiation-induced SD rats' acute skin photodamage | Transferred14-3-3ζ, up-regulated SIRT1 expression, and activated autophagy | Alleviated UV radiation-induced photodamage | (145) |
| DSPCs | Fibroblasts | Transferred ANP32B and activated Akt phosphorylation | Improved collagen synthesis of fibroblasts | (146) |
| hADSCs | Human with facial skin aging | Promoted collagen synthesis and deposition | Improved skin wrinkles, elasticity, hydration, and pigmentation | (147) |
| 3D-HDFs | UVB radiation-treated skin and nude photoaging mice | Increased collagen biosynthesis and ameliorated inflammation via activating TGF-β and inhibited TNF-α pathway | Ameliorated skin photoaging | (148) |
| 3D-hucMSCs | UVB-induced photo-aged HaCaT cells | Enhanced the proliferation, migration, and collagen type I synthesis and reduced MMP1 | Ameliorated HaCaT Cell photo-aging | (149) |