Table 2.
Factors associated with patient delays and doctor delays in seeking treatment by bivariate analysis (n = 494)
| Factors | Patient delays | p-value | Doctor delays | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delays (%) | OR (95%CI) | Delays (%) | OR (95%CI) | |||
| Gender (n = 494) | ||||||
| Male | 226 (46.6) | 1.00 | 258 (53.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 5 (55.6) | 1.43 (0.38–5.40) | 0.595 | 5 (55.6) | 1.10 (0.29–4.15) | 0.888 |
| Age (years) (n = 494) | ||||||
| < 30 | 50 (44.3) | 1.00 | 69 (61.1) | 1.00 | ||
| 30–49 | 145 (45.9) | 1.07 (0.69–1.65) | 0.764 | 153 (48.4) | 0.60 (0.39–0.93) | 0.022 |
| ≥ 50 | 36 (55.4) | 1.56 (0.85–2.89) | 0.153 | 41 (63.1) | 1.09 (0.58–2.05) | 0.790 |
| Marital status (n = 494) | ||||||
| Married | 196 (49.8) | 1.00 | 216 (54.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Single/divorce/separated | 35 (35.0) | 0.54 (0.35–0.86) | 0.009 | 47 (47.0) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 0.162 |
| Occupation (n = 494) | ||||||
| Professionals | 37 (41.6) | 1.00 | 47 (52.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Workers | 45 (46.9) | 1.24 (0.69–2.22) | 0.468 | 46 (47.9) | 0.82 (0.46–1.47) | 0.506 |
| Farmers | 96 (56.5) | 1.82 (1.09–3.06) | 0.023 | 98 (57.7) | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) | 0.457 |
| Other | 53 (38.1) | 0.87 (0.50–1.49) | 0.604 | 72 (51.8) | 0.96 (0.56–1.64) | 0.882 |
| Residence (n = 494) | ||||||
| Urban | 143 (47.0) | 1.00 | 173 (56.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 85 (46.0) | 0.96 (0.66–1.38) | 0.814 | 89 (48.1) | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 0.059 |
| Region (n = 494) | ||||||
| Eastern | 40 (59.7) | 1.00 | 24 (35.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Central | 113 (36.6) | 0.39 (0.23–0.67) | 0.001 | 173 (56.0) | 2.28 (1.32–3.94) | 0.003 |
| Western | 78 (66.1) | 1.32 (0.71–2.45) | 0.385 | 66 (55.9) | 2.27 (1.23–4.22) | 0.009 |
| Malaria parasite type of patient infection (n = 494) | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 139 (45.1) | 1.00 | 151 (49.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Plasmodium vivax/Plasmodium malariae | 62 (63.3) | 2.09 (1.31–3.34) | 0.002 | 52 (53.1) | 1.18 (0.75–1.85) | 0.487 |
| Plasmodium ovale | 8 (53.3) | 1.39 (0.49–3.93) | 0.535 | 7 (46.7) | 0.91 (0.32–2.57) | 0.858 |
| Mixed | 22 (30.1) | 0.52 (0.30–0.91) | 0.021 | 53 (72.6) | 2.76 (1.57–4.83) | 0.000 |
| Healthcare facilities for the first visit (n = 494) | ||||||
| Village clinic/Township health center | – | 1.00 | 127 (85.8) | 1.00 | ||
| County-level health institutions | – | 2.42 (1.50–3.90) | 0.000 | 90 (57.0) | 0.22 (0.13–0.38) | 0.000 |
| Prefectural health institutions | – | 4.27 (2.61–6.99) | 0.000 | 37 (25.5) | 0.06 (0.03–0.10) | 0.000 |
| Provincial health institutions | – | 3.30 (1.64–6.65) | 0.001 | 9 (20.9) | 0.04 (0.02–0.10) | 0.000 |
| Symptom (n = 494) | ||||||
| Fever | 230 (46.8) | 1.76 (0.16–19.56) | 0.644 | 262 (53.4) | 2.29 (0.21–25.40) | 0.500 |
| Chills | 93 (44.5) | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | 0.388 | 108 (51.7) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) | 0.551 |
| Sweating | 91 (47.6) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) | 0.755 | 116 (60.7) | 1.64 (1.14–2.37) | 0.008 |
| Splenomegaly | 1 (14.3) | 0.19 (0.02–1.56) | 0.121 | 6 (85.7) | 5.37 (0.64–44.93) | 0.121 |
| Anaemia | 19 (46.3) | 0.98 (0.52–1.86) | 0.955 | 26 (63.4) | 5.37 (0.64–44.93) | 0.121 |
| Periodic | 58 (47.2) | 1.02 (0.68–1.54) | 0.920 | 78 (63.4) | 5.37 (0.64–44.93) | 0.121 |
| Insurance status (n = 494) | ||||||
| Employee basic medical insurance | 36 (51.4) | 1.00 | 30 (42.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Resident basic medical insurance | 117 (46.3) | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 0.442 | 153 (60.5) | 2.04 (1.19–3.49) | 0.009 |
| Self-payment | 67 (45.3) | 0.78 (0.44–1.38) | 0.396 | 71 (48.0) | 1.23 (0.69–2.18) | 0.480 |
| Other | 11 (47.8) | 0.87 (0.34–2.22) | 0.764 | 9 (39.1) | 0.86 (0.33–2.24) | 0.753 |