Table 3. Studies on suspensory fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
| Reference | Year | Study type | Study purpose | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houck (30) | 2018 | Meta-analysis | Compare the biomechanical results of fixed- versus adjustable-loop femoral cortical suspension devices in studies simulating ACLR | • Adjustable loop device had strongest “time zero” ultimate load to failure when compared to fixed loop device |
| Onggo (31) | 2019 | Systematic review | Compare biomechanical and clinical outcomes between ALD and FLD in the femoral fixation | • Superior biomechanical properties of FLDs |
| • ALDs and FLDs yielded similar clinical outcome scores and graft rerupture rates | ||||
| Eguchi (32) | 2014 | Biomechanical study | Evaluate the mechanical strength of two cortical suspension devices | • FLD greater mechanical strength than ALD |
| • Increased cyclic displacement in ALD | ||||
| Smith (33) | 2020 | Biomechanical study | Compare loop elongation and load at failure of ALDs/FLDs | • FLD had highest failure load |
| • No differences in elongation between devices | ||||
| Singh (34) | 2018 | Biomechanical study | Compare elongation of ALD/FLD | • No statistically significant differences among the devices for total or dynamic elongation |
| Johnson (35) | 2015 | Biomechanical study | Compare five femoral suspensory fixation devices | • Significant differences were observed between current fixed-loop and adjustable-loop cortical suspension devices for soft tissue femoral fixation when subjected to high loads experienced during rehabilitation |
| Petre (36) | 2013 | Biomechanical study | Compare four femoral suspensory fixation devices | • Each ALD/FLD had the necessary biomechanical properties with regard to ultimate failure strength, displacement, and stiffness for initial fixation of soft tissue grafts in the femoral tunnel |
| Barrow (37) | 2014 | Biomechanical study | Compare ALD/FLD to native knee physiologic loads | • The ultimate load of all graft-fixation devices exceeded the forces likely to be experienced in a patient's knee during the early postoperative rehabilitation period |
ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ALD, adjustable loop device; FLD, fixed loop device.