Table 1.

Summary of 9 Clinical Trials on Home Beauty Devices for Facial Rejuvenation Based on Radiofrequency (RF) Technology

Equipment	Empirical Method	Experimental Subject	Experimental Sample Size	Experimental Period	Follow-up Cycle	Experimental Result	Untoward Effect	Patient Evaluation
TriPollar13	RCT	Human skin samples	8	5 min	Not mentioned	The collagen increased significantly in the experimental group after UV aging	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
TriPollar14	Non-RCT	Abdomen, face, neck, and arms	12	Personalized treatment 4–11 times according to different sites	Not mentioned	Skin tightening and mean dermal thickness increased after treatment	Transient erythema	Mean satisfaction level 3.75 (5-point assessment)
TriPollar15	RCT	Abdominal, leg	24	Treatment is given 2–3 times per week for 12 weeks	Week 6 and 12 week after treatment initiation	Adipocytes appeared with increased collagen, decreased abdominal skin laxity, and decreased thigh dimensions	Not mentioned	The average satisfaction rate was 2.9 (5 Assessment)
TriPollar16	Non-RCT	Face	37	8 Treatments	Week 4 and 12 after completion of treatment	Fitzpatrick Blind score, the mean score before and after treatment decreased by 2.42 and 1.55, respectively	Mild transient erythema was noted	89% of subjects reached or to some extent reached the expected values
TriPollar17	Non-RCT	Face	23	183 treatments per week	Week 6 and 12 week after treatment initiation	The volume of perioral and periorbital wrinkles decreased by 19% and 41%	Mild transient erythema was noted	Mean satisfaction 3.55 (5-point assessment)
Newa18	Non-RCT	Face	45	Week 1–4, 5 times a week	Week 4.8, and 12 week after treatment initiation	Improved skin tightness and luster (P <0.05); improved jaw line, skin elasticity, and wrinkles (P> 0.05)	No adverse reactions were seen	Not described
				Week 5–12, 2 times a week
Newa20	Non-RCT	Face	20	Once a day for four weeks	Week 2.4, and 6 week after treatment initiation	There was significant improvement in pigmentation, wrinkles, and no change in melanin and erythema levels	No adverse reactions were seen	Not described
Newa19	Non-RCT	Face	62	5 times per week for 4 weeks	Week 4.8, and 12 week after treatment initiation	Wrinkles improved significantly, and the Fitzpatrick blinded assessment score was statistically significant	Mild transient erythema and redness were noted	Not described
DermaWand21	RCT	Face	50	One treatment	After treatment	The distance from the eyebrow to the hairline decreased by 1.338 ± cm after treatment	No adverse reactions	Not described