Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using fungi.

Fungal strain	Biomaterial used	Iron precursor used	Size (nm)	Shape	Applications	Ref.
Aspergillus niger BSC-1	Cell-free filtrate	(FeCl3·6H2O) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) in 2 mM:1 mM	20–40 nm	Orthorhombic	Cr(vi) removal	182
Penicillium spp.	Cell-free filtrate	FeCl3 (3 mM)	3.31–10.69 nm	Spherical	Antimicrobial, antioxidant	105
Chaetomium cupreum	Fungal biomass	FeSO4 (2 g) and NaOH (1.20 g)	25 nm	Spherical	Anticancer	185
Chitosan	—	(FeCl3·6H2O), (FeSO4·4H2O)	200–600 nm	Spherical	Postharvest disease inhibition in fruit	186
Penicillium roqueforti	Fungal biomass	Ferric chloride hexahydrate (10−3 M) and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (10−3 M)	5–16 nm	Spherical	Antimicrobial	187
Lichen Ramalina sinensis	—	Fe2+/Fe3+ (100 mL)	31.74–53.91 nm	Spherical	Antimicrobial	188
Pleurotus florida	—	Ferric chloride (1 M)	100 nm	Spherical	Antimicrobial	189
Penicillium commune	—	FeCl3 (1 mM), FeSO4 (1 mM)	30–50 nm	Spherical	Cleaning gel	190
Bacillus megaterium	—	FeCl3 (1 mM), FeSO4 (1 mM)	40–60 nm	Cubic	Cleaning gel	190
Fusarium oxysporum	—	FeCl3 (1 mM), FeSO4 (1 mM)	20–50 nm	Quasi-spherical	Cleaning gel	190