Table 2. Comparison among pre-disaster, immediate post-disaster, and post-disaster highs consumption means (in defined daily doses/100,000 inhabitants per day) for pharmaceutical retail and public purchases of selected medicines according to strata in the municipalities affected by the Fundão dam mine tailing disaster in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2015-2017.
| Period | Pharmaceutical retail (proxy for private consumption) | Public purchases (proxy for public consumption) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monthly mean (SD) | 1st comparison * p-value | 2nd comparison ** p-value | Monthly mean (SD) | 1st comparison * p-value | 2nd comparison ** p-value | |
| Stratum 1 | ||||||
| Pre-disaster *** | ||||||
| July 2015 | 38.99 (25.40) | 0.021 | 1.000 | 235.43 (113.76) | 0.82 | 0.552 |
| August 2015 | 35.53 (19.17) | 235.43 (113.76) | ||||
| September 2015 | 24.97 (7.64) | 235.43 (113.76) | ||||
| October 2015 | 25.33 (10.03) | 160.07 (30.77) | ||||
| Immediate post-disaster # | ||||||
| December 2015 | 18.04 (4.35) | 160.07 (30.77) | ||||
| January 2016 | 19.54 (2.64) | 160.07 (30.77) | ||||
| February 2016 | 15.05 (2.84) | 160.07 (30.77) | ||||
| March 2016 | 20.46 (5.20) | 218.38 (110.46) | ||||
| Observed post-disaster peak in pharmaceutical retail ## | ||||||
| June 2016 | 26.95 (17.47) | 265.27 (228.97) | ||||
| July 2016 | 20.69 (3.23) | 106.64 (86.46) | ||||
| August 2016 | 40.19 (7.26) | 209.21 (193.30) | ||||
| September 2016 | 26.67 (5.78) | 209.21 (193.30) | ||||
| Stratum 2 | ||||||
| Pre-disaster *** | ||||||
| July 2015 | 11.94 (2.00) | 0.564 | 0.386 | 116.73 (86.52) | 0.429 | 0.231 |
| August 2015 | 16.52 (8.85) | 116.73 (86.52) | ||||
| September 2015 | 8.41 (1.10) | 116.73 (86.52) | ||||
| October 2015 | 8.92 (2.07) | 67.07 (54.21) | ||||
| Immediate post-disaster # | ||||||
| December 2015 | 6.98 (0.88) | 67.07 (54.21) | ||||
| January 2016 | 9.3 (2.39) | 67.07 (54.21) | ||||
| February 2016 | 9.9 (3.92) | 67.07 (54.21) | ||||
| March 2016 | 10.5 (0.05) | 183.05 (101.21) | ||||
| Observed post-disaster peak in pharmaceutical retail ## | ||||||
| August 2016 | 13.53 (9.56) | 83.77 (107.07) | ||||
| September 2016 | 13.47 (9.55) | 83.77 (107.07) | ||||
| October 2016 | 16.33 (13.85) | 104.67 (136.63) | ||||
| November 2016 | 9.56 (1.29) | 104.67 (136.63) | ||||
| Stratum 3 | ||||||
| Pre-disaster *** | ||||||
| July 2015 | 2.90 (4.50) | 0.083 | 0.021 | 280.83 (73.88) | 0.429 | 1.000 |
| August 2015 | 4.38 (5.92) | 280.83 (73.88) | ||||
| September 2015 | 4.10 (3.32) | 280.83 (73.88) | ||||
| October 2015 | 4.03 (0.45) | 218.46 (83.36) | ||||
| Immediate post-disaster # | ||||||
| December 2015 | 3.84 (2.75) | 218.46 (83.36) | ||||
| January 2016 | 1.29 (1.30) | 218.46 (83.36) | ||||
| February 2016 | 1.89 (2.29) | 218.46 (83.36) | ||||
| March 2016 | 3.99 (3.34) | 294.65 (176.74) | ||||
| Observed post-disaster peak in pharmaceutical retail ## | ||||||
| February 2017 | 9.22 (6.53) | 193.76 (51.63) | ||||
| March 2017 | 12.24 (11.74) | 193.76 (51.63) | ||||
| April 2017 | 15.02 (16.17) | 312.74 (207.42) | ||||
| May 2017 | 19.65 (10.28) | 312.74 (207.42) | ||||
SD: standard deviation.
Note: bold values for p < 0.05.
* Obtained from difference between period means (pre-disaster vs. immediate post-disaster);
** Obtained from difference between period means (pre-disaster vs. observed peak post-disaster);
*** A 4-month pre-disaster interval;
# A 4-month “lag phase”, immediately after the event;
## Three different 4-month periods, one for each stratum, in which the highest post-disaster consumption was visually observed and measured.