Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of variables.

Variable type	Variable name	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Dependent variable	UHC	465	0.49	0.11	0.21	0.77
Independent variable	GHE	465	5.87	4.68	0.29	31.08
Control variables	TA	465	2.52	3.64	0	38.63
	PM	465	1.03	0.16	0.80	1.69
	PGDP	465	3.8357	2.5495	0.4316	14.0211
	PHE	465	7.40	4.83	0.90	29.00
	Aging	465	0.13	0.03	0.07	0.23
	HC	465	8.61	1.22	3.74	12.56