Ali 2021.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: parallel‐group RCT Study period: December 2017–December 2018
Participants	Setting: elective general or colorectal surgery Type of stoma: ileostomy Inclusion criteria Age ≥ 18 years Temporary stoma formation secondary to typhoid perforation Exclusion criteria Stoma formation for other pathologies Death or dropout Need for secondary surgery at other centres
Interventions	PSSC using subcuticular absorbable suture (n = 37) versus LSC using interrupted non‐absorbable suture (n = 35). No mesh or drain was used during closure in either group.
Outcomes	SSI (according to CDC diagnostic guidelines) Participant satisfaction (POSAS) at 1 month and 3 months Intestinal obstruction/leakage Hospital stay
Notes	The 2 groups were comparable in terms of baseline demographics (age, sex, BMI) and comorbidities. The length of follow‐up was 3 months. The study received no external funding, and the protocol had been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR 1900025624). The study authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Article describes method of randomisation but not type of randomisation.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	The method used for randomisation supports allocation concealment.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded (blinding may not be practical in this setting).
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Outcome assessment was not blinded (blinding may not be practical in this setting).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Complete outcome data for all participants.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No selective reporting detected.
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias detected.