Figure 2. TMAO promotes the expression of inflammasome- and pyroptosis-associated mediators when HUVECs are treated with different concentrations of TMAO for 24 h.

A: Inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC) (red) and nucleus (blue) were visualized by immunofluorescence. B: Interleukin (IL)-1β (green) and nucleus (blue) were detected by immunofluorescence. C: Expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and IL-18 was detected by Western blotting. D: Band densities were quantitated and normalized to the corresponding GAPDH and ASC and IL-1β intersities were quantitated by immunofluorescence. Representative images are shown and quantitative data are expressed as the mean±standard deviation (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001.