AFB	acid-fast bacilli
AFLP	amplified fragment length polymorphisms
AHHMS	automatic and electronically-assisted hand hygiene surveillance system
AI	artificial intelligence
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ALT	alanine transaminase
AMCA	amplification and melting curve analysis
AMP	antimicrobial peptide
AMR	antimicrobial resistance
APAS	automated plate assessment system
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
AuNPs	gold nanoparticles
AUROC	area under the receiver operator curve
BiLSTM	bidirectional long-term short memory
CAUTI	catheter-associated urinary tract infection
CDC	Centers of Disease Control and Prevention
CDI	C. difficile infection
CFPNet-M	Channel-wise Feature Pyramid Network for Medicine
CFU	Colony-forming unit
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CLABSI	central line-associated bloodstream infection
CNN	convolutional neural network
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPM	cross-point method
CR-GNB	carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
CRP	C-reactive protein
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CT	computed tomography
CVC	central venous catheter
CVCBSI	central venous catheter bloodstream infection
CVL	central venous line
CX-R	chest X-ray
DASH	data analytics for safe healthcare
DNN	dense neural network
DT	decision tree
ET	extremely randomized trees
Faster R-CCN	Faster region-based CNN
FCN	fully convolutional neural network
GAN	generative adversarial network
GCS	Glasgow Coma Scale
GGT	gamma-glutamyl transferase
GPC	Gaussian process classifier
HAI	hospital-acquired infection
HDCP	high-definition care platform
HER	electronic health records
HH	hand hygiene
ICU	intensive care unit
IoT	Internet of Things
KNN	k-nearest neighbors
LC/MS-MS	liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
LCR	lymphocytes-to-blood CRP ratio
LDA	linear discriminant analysis
LDC	linear discriminant classification
LDC	linear discriminant classification
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
LR	logistic regression
LR	logistic regression
LSP	laser-scribed graphene
LSTM	long short-term memory
MALDI-TOF	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry
Mask R-CNN	mask regional-convolutional neural network
MAT	microscopic agglutination tests
MCHC	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MDR	multidrug resistant
MIC	minimum inhibitory concentration
MIMIC	Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care
ML	machine learning
MLP	multilayer perceptron
MLR	multiple logistic regression
MLST	multilocus sequence typing
MODE	multi-objective differential evolution
MPNN	message-passing neural network
MRSA	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NB	naïve Bayes
NLP	natural language processing
NLR	neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
NN	neural network
NNC	nearest neighbor classification
NPA	negative percent agree
PaO2/FiO2	partial pressure of the arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired
PCA	plate count agar
PFGE	pulse field gel electrophoresis
PPA	positive percent agree
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RAPD	random amplified polymorphic DNA
RCTA	random cover targets algorithm
RF	random forest
RFE	recursive feature elimination
RT–PCR	reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SERS	surface-enhanced Raman scattering
SGDC	stochastic gradient descent classifier
SHAP	SHapley Additive exPlanations
SOFA	sequential organ failure assessment
SpO2	oxygen saturation
SR	soft-max regression
SSI	surgical site infection
suPAR	blood-soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
SVC	support vector machine for classification
SVM-LK	support vector machine with linear kernel
SVM-RK	support vector machine with radial basis function kernel
SVM	support vector machine
TB	tuberculosis
VAP	ventilator-associated pneumonia
ViTs	Vision Transformers
WBC	white blood cell count
WGS	whole genome sequencing
XAI	explainable artificial intelligence
XGBoost	extreme gradient boosting