Table 1.

Application of artificial intelligence to infectious disease research and management, approaches and challenges.

Application of AI in Infectious Diseases	Approaches	Challenges
Laboratory and imaging diagnosis	Digital culture plate reading Pathogen detection and identification via microscopy images Analysis of RT-PCR data Analysis of MALDI-TOF MS, SERS spectra Clinical radiography imaging analysis Feature/factor analysis of clinical laboratory data	Data standardization among laboratories and centers Availability of big data Data quality and management Risk of bias Legal issues
Antimicrobial resistance analysis	Detection of MDR pathogens Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis Analysis of genomic, sequencing and spectral data
Antimicrobial discovery	Molecule screening Chemical library mining Design of antimicrobial peptides
Microbiome analysis	Mining of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data
Clinical decision support	Infection prediction and risk stratification Tracking infection epidemiology Tracking human behavior and adherence