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. 2024 Feb 27;15:1355343. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355343

Table 4.

EAM and characteristics of memories from encoding to delayed retrieval and results of ANCOVAs controlling for the age of the participants.

Mean scores Encoding First recall Second recall F
EAM (free recall) [cued recall] 3.64 (2.25) 3.02 (2.36) [4.45 (1.62)] F(1,412) = 0.22
η2 = 0.00
Emotion (intensity) 2.52 (1.38) 2.60 (1.15) 2.46 (1.28) F(2,824) = 1.65
η2 = 0.00
Emotion (positive valence) 3.09 (1.27) 2.95 (1.12) 2.86 (1.19) F(2,824) = 0.83
η2 = 0.00
Self-relevance 2.38 (1.43) 2.34 (1.27) 2.28 (1.41) F(2,824) = 2.33
η2 = 0.00
Remembering 3.27 (1.44) 2.81 (1.40) 2.37 (1.46) F(2,824) = 14.83***1
η2 = 0.03
Perspective (1PP) 3.59 (1.49) 3.19 (1.35) 2.74 (1.64) F(2,824) = 21.27***1
η2 = 0.05
Self-concept (defining) 2.72 (1.43) 2.51 (1.27) 2.17 (1.37) F(2,824) = 8.46***1
η2 = 0.02
Internal rehearsal (thinking) 1.89 (1.60) 1.66 (1.36) 1.27 (1.32) F(2,824) = 5.03**1
η2 = 0.01
External rehearsal (conversation) 1.31 (1.48) 1.23 (1.31) 1.07 (1.19) F(2,824) = 3.11*2
η2 = 0.00
Anticipated details 2.04 (1.53) 1.69 (1.34) 1.57 (1.33) F(2,824) = 3.84*3
η2 = 0.01
Reliving details 2.24 (1.56) 1.95 (1.37) 1.74 (1.40) F(2,824) = 3.41*1
η2 = 0.00
Vividness (mental images) 2.56 (1.52) 2.21 (1.36) 1.97 (1.36) F(2,824) = 3.12*1
η2 = 0.00

Bonferroni post-hoc tests: 1: each pairwise comparison is significant; 2: Delay 2 is significantly inferior to Encoding and Delay 1; 3: Encoding is significantly superior to Delay 1 & 2.