Table 1.
Features of quantitative risk assessment models of L. monocytogenes regarding the consumption of seafood products by scope.
| Scope | Food | RTE | Cross-Conta-mination | DR—End-Point | Type of DR Model | DR Sub-Populations | Strain Variability | Temp Profiles/ Lagtime |
Country | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| End-processing-to-table | Cold-smoked salmon | Yes | No | Exp—I | Pouillot et al. [10] | Multiple | NA | Yes/No | France | Pouillot et al. [9,10] |
| Cold-smoked salmon | Yes | No | Exp—I | Fritsch et al. [11]: r values from Pouillot et al. [21] were re-scaled to three diff-erent groups of virulence (according to CCs) | General | Specific prevalence for each LM genotypic sub-group (CC) in Europe; two different distributions for Tmin to represent “low-growing” and “high-growing” strains; three virulence levels in the DR r values |
Yes/No | France | Fritsch et al. [11] (model based on Pouillot et al. [9,10] integra-ting genomic data) | |
| Cold-smoked salmon | Yes | No | None | NA | NA | Variable proportion of contaminated packages and growth kinetics parameters according to LM serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b | No/Yes | USA | Chen et al. [12] | |
| Retail-to-table | Various: smoked seafood, raw seafood, preserved fish, cooked RTE crustaceans | Yes | No | Mouse Epi—I | FDA-FSIS [6] | Multiple | Variability in the virulence of different strains represented in DR | No/No | USA | FDA-FSIS [6] |
| Packaged cold-/hot-smoked fish and gravad fish | Yes | No | Exp—I | Pouillot et al. [21] | Multiple | Challenge test data from a mixture of strains; h0 distribution of variability in physiological state of cells; variability in strain virulence and in susceptibility across population subgroups | Yes/Yes | EU | Pérez-Rodríguez et al. [13] | |
| Cold-, hot-smoked fish, gravad fish | Yes | No | Exp—I | EFSA BIOHAZ [1] based on Pouillot et al. [21] | Multiple (sex/age group) | Challenge test data from a mixture of strains; strain virulence and host susceptibility explicit in r distribution | No/No | EU | EFSA BIOHAZ [1] | |
| Consumption | Smoked/gravad salmon/rainbow trout | Yes | No | Exp—I | Buchanan et al. [22] | General | All strains are virulent vs. a proportion of virulent strains | No/No | Sweden | Lindqvist and Westöö [14] |
| Cold-smoked fish | Yes | No | Exp—I | FAO-WHO [15] | High-risk/low-risk | Strain diversity implicit in r | No/Yes | Non-specific | FAO-WHO [15] | |
| Smoked fish and sliced cooked ham | Yes | No | Exp—I | FAO-WHO [15] | High-risk/low-risk | Strain diversity implicit in r | No/No | Spain | Garrido et al. [16] | |
| Cold-smoked salmon | Yes | No | BP—I | Haas et al. [23] | General | NA | No/Yes | Non-specific | Gospavic et al. [17] | |
| VP cold-smoked salmon | Yes | No | WG—I | Farber et al. [24] | High-risk/low-risk | Challenge test data from a mixture of strains | No/Yes | Ireland | Dass [18] | |
| Traditional processed fish | No | No | WG—I | Farber et al. [24] | High-risk/low-risk | NA | No/No | Ghana | Bomfeh [19] | |
| Cold-smoked and salt-cured fishery products | Yes | No | Exp—I | Pasonen et al. [20] | High-risk/low-risk | NA | No/No | Finland | Pasonen et al. [20] |
DR: dose–response; Exp: exponential model; Mouse-Epi: mouse epidemiological model; I: illness endpoint; D: death endpoint; NA: not addressed in the study.