Table 4.
Excess hazard ratios (EHRs) of death according to selected risk factors, Lombardy SNC Registry, 2008–2020. Follow-up, 2008–2023.
| Variable | Deaths N (%) |
Crude EHR |
95% CI | Adjusted EHR a |
95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 169 (61.7) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Male | 345 (62.4) | 0.91 | 0.71–1.15 | 0.94 | 0.74–1.20 |
| Age (continuous, 10 years) | 1.00 | 0.89–1.13 | 1.05 | 0.93–1.19 | |
| 0.5 years from diagnosis | 1.32 | 1.19–1.47 | 1.35 | 1.12–1.51 | |
| 2.5 years from diagnosis | 0.97 | 0.86–1.10 | 1.03 | 0.90–1.17 | |
| 4.5 years from diagnosis | 0.87 | 0.73–1.02 | 0.93 | 0.78–1.11 | |
| Period of diagnosis | |||||
| 2008–2012 | 237 (73.2) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| 2013–2016 | 150 (63.6) | 1.02 | 0.77–1.35 | 1.06 | 0.79–1.41 |
| 2017–2020 | 127 (47.6) | 0.89 | 0.67–1.18 | 0.97 | 0.73–1.28 |
| Cancer site (ICD-10 code) | |||||
| Nasal cavity (C30.0) | 152 (48.4) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Paranasal sinuses (C31) | 362 (70.6) | 3.32 | 2.43–4.53 | 2.46 | 1.69–3.58 |
| 0.5 years from diagnosis | 4.48 | 2.85–7.03 | 4.70 | 2.96–7.47 | |
| 2.5 years from diagnosis | 2.37 | 1.61–3.51 | 2.34 | 1.57–3.48 | |
| 4.5 years from diagnosis | 1.88 | 1.10–3.21 | 1.81 | 1.05–3.14 | |
| Cancer morphology | |||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma and variants | 234 (58.5) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Adenocarcinoma | 176 (60.3) | 0.86 | 0.65–1.14 | 0.69 | 0.52–0.91 |
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 23 (88.5) | 2.23 | 1.35–3.69 | 1.78 | 1.07–2.95 |
| Other epithelial neoplasm b | 60 (69.0) | 1.94 | 1.38–2.71 | 1.68 | 1.20–2.35 |
CI, confidence interval; EHR, excess hazard ratio; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition. a From a flexible parametric excess hazard model containing all the covariates shown in the table. b Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and not-otherwise-specified (NOS) carcinoma.