Table 5.
Volatile compounds (µg kg−1) in Control dry-cured sausages and dry-cured sausages with synthetic additives (NITRASC) or with stabilized grape pomace at 0.5% (0.5%Pomace) or 3% (3%Pomace).
| Control | NITRASC | 0.5%Pomace | 3%Pomace | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohols | |||||
| Ethanol | 47.1 ± 29.8 | 47.9 ± 35.2 | 39.7 ± 26.2 | 71.2 ± 22.8 | 0.371 |
| 2-Methylthiirene | 536.4 ± 269.5 | 586.4 ± 289.7 | 655.7 ± 122 | 928.1 ± 276.5 | 0.100 |
| 3-Methylbutan-1-ol | 31.8 ± 19.2 | 75.6 ± 113.1 | 35.2 ± 19.5 | 39.0 ± 26.6 | 0.636 |
| Butane-2,3-diol | 430.3 ± 153.4 b | 111.0 ± 88.9 b | 468.7 ± 49.2 b | 1048.1 ± 358.2 a | <0.001 |
| 1-Octen-3-ol | 8.7 ± 2.5 | 7.6 ± 16.9 | 13.3 ± 16.3 | 9.2 ± 3.1 | 0.883 |
| Phenylmethanol | 37.0 ± 21.6 | 32.0 ± 29.3 | 11.3 ± 15.9 | 29.1 ± 9.9 | 0.255 |
| Aldehydes | |||||
| Hexanal | 225.5 ± 138.6 bc | 75.8 ± 44.0 c | 298.8 ± 100.7 b | 650.0 ± 101.3 a | <0.001 |
| 2-Phenylacetaldehyde | 30.4 ± 6.3 a | 2.2 ± 4.9 b | 37.4 ± 12.1 a | 25.4 ± 8.2 a | <0.001 |
| Nonanal | 26.5 ± 10.1 b | 56.0 ± 21.6 a | 44.3 ± 4.0 ab | 46.9 ± 11.9 ab | 0.022 |
| Sulfur-containing compounds | |||||
| Sulfide, allyl methyl | 275.1 ± 39.6 | 203.5 ± 108.1 | 236.5 ± 65.2 | 276.4 ± 48.5 | 0.333 |
| Diallyl sulfide | 433.2 ± 110.1 | 290.6 ± 64.5 | 345.2 ± 158.1 | 352.1 ± 159.4 | 0.403 |
| Disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl | 290.4 ± 34.1 | 385.3 ± 106.6 | 302.3 ± 82.4 | 401.4 ± 36.3 | 0.056 |
| Diallyl disulfide | 1069.5 ± 187.8 | 1060.7 ± 292.0 | 1210.6 ± 272.8 | 1429.2 ± 161.9 | 0.082 |
| Diallyl trisulfide | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 6.9 | 9.7 ± 6.0 | 0.790 |
| Terpenes | |||||
| δ-Phellandrene | 38.8 ± 18.3 | 29.9 ± 4.6 | 23.0 ± 5.1 | 29.1 ± 9.4 | 0.187 |
| α-Pinene | 544.6 ± 90.6 | 588.4 ± 300.4 | 565.6 ± 90.9 | 676.5 ± 138.5 | 0.666 |
| Camphene | 33.0 ± 6.4 | 42.0 ± 12.1 | 32.8 ± 4.7 | 39.7 ± 8.5 | 0.238 |
| β-Pinene | 717.6 ± 120.4 | 913.1 ± 227.8 | 738.6 ± 92.6 | 883.8 ± 171.2 | 0.171 |
| Myrcene | 222.6 ± 118.2 | 326.3 ± 77.9 | 230.4 ± 133.2 | 336.7 ± 54.4 | 0.185 |
| α-Fellandrene | 334.5 ± 70.2 | 298.8 ± 79.8 | 351.9 ± 61.3 | 439.4 ± 72.3 | 0.039 |
| 3-Carene | 2069.4 ± 354.2 | 2593.2 ± 636.6 | 2119.5 ± 178.1 | 2571.2 ± 406.7 | 0.129 |
| α-Terpinene | 41.1 ± 7.8 | 36.8 ± 10.8 | 36.0 ± 6.6 | 47.6 ± 7.6 | 0.152 |
| Limonene | 1408.2 ± 260.8 | 1704.6 ± 398.2 | 1430.7 ± 177.1 | 1707.7 ± 224.5 | 0.191 |
| β-Terpinene | 3.5 ± 3.9 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 0.989 |
| γ-Terpinene | 15.5 ± 11.4 | 17.4 ± 4.0 | 14.6 ± 2.1 | 17.6 ± 2.8 | 0.853 |
| α-Terpinolene | 25.4 ± 5.3 | 31.8 ± 7.9 | 27.9 ± 3.3 | 32.7 ± 3.5 | 0.145 |
| β-Terpinolene | 55.6 ± 12.3 | 73.0 ± 20.2 | 59.2 ± 8.0 | 71.7 ± 8.7 | 0.127 |
| δ-Elemene | 15.3 ± 3.9 | 19.8 ± 4.2 | 17.0 ± 4.0 | 20.4 ± 1.5 | 0.129 |
| α-Copaene | 21.9 ± 4.7 | 27.7 ± 5.5 | 23.5 ± 4.0 | 28.9 ± 2.4 | 0.064 |
| β-Caryophyllene | 138.3 ± 29.9 | 178.6 ± 34.4 | 153.1 ± 28.5 | 180.1 ± 16.8 | 0.087 |
| α-Caryophyllene | 6.1 ± 1.4 ab | 8.0 ± 1.5 a | 5.7 ± 1.3 b | 8.2 ± 0.8 a | 0.010 |
| Others | |||||
| Pentane | 126.4 ± 54.7 | 147.2 ± 89.2 | 145.0 ± 34.6 | 134.2 ± 75.5 | 0.956 |
| 3-Hydroxybutan-2-one | 240.3 ± 68.5 ab | 101.6 ± 102.5 b | 386.0 ± 149.3 a | 218.5 ± 76.2 ab | 0.005 |
| o-Cymene | 279.3 ± 55.7 | 284.8 ± 153.0 | 276.8 ± 35.8 | 345.3 ± 49.1 | 0.562 |
The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and significance (p) from a one-way ANOVA. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences in Tukey’s test.