Table 2.
Potential biomarkers of MDD: evidence from clinical studies.
| Biomarker | Study Design | Subjects | Sample | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↑ IL-1β | Cross-sectional | Adults, 130 MDD and 40 HC | Blood | [28] |
| Longitudinal | Young adults, 50 MDD treatment-naïve and 50 HC | Plasma | [183] | |
| ↑ IL-6 | Longitudinal | Young adults, 50 MDD treatment-naïve and 50 HC | Plasma | [183] |
| Longitudinal | Adolescents, 201 volunteered | Plasma | [182] | |
| Case-Control | Adolescent, 77 MDD and 54 HC |
Serum | [180] | |
| ↑ CRP | Longitudinal | Young adults, 50 MDD treatment-naïve and 50 HC | Plasma | [183] |
| Cross-sectional | Adults, 811 MDD | Serum | [181] | |
| Longitudinal | Adolescents, 201 volunteered | Plasma | [182] | |
| ↑ IFN-γ | Cross-sectional | Adults, 103 MDD and 97 HC | Blood | [179] |
HC = healthy control; ↑ = increased level.