Table 2.
Detailed description of included studies. Summary of included studies.
| No. | Cohort | Malignancy vs. Benign | Type of Assessment | NIRAF Equipment | Parathyroid Gland Identification | Accidental Parathyroidectomy | Parathyroid Auto-Transplantation Rate | Definition of Hypocalcemia | Mean POD 1 PTH Levels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dip et al. [14] | Malignant: 48.8%; benign cases: 51.2% | NIRAF only | Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics, France) | NIRAF (3.7) vs. non-NIRAF arm (3.6) (p = 0.32) | NIRAF arm: 4.7% | Serum calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | ||
| 2 | Benmiloud et al. [15] | Malignant: 23.2%; benign cases: 76.8% | NIRAF only | Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics, France) | All 4-gland identification in NIRAF (47%) vs. non-NIRAF arm (19.2%) (p < 0.001) | NIRAF arm (2.4%) vs. non-NIRAF arm (11.5%) (p = 0.006) | NIRAF arm: 2.4%; non-NIRAF arm: 11.5% (p = 0.006) | Corrected calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 33.2 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 28.6 pg/mL (p = 0.07) |
| 3 | Papavramidis et al. [17] | Malignant: 49.4%; benign cases: 50.6% | NIRAF only | Fluobeam LX (Fluoptics, France) | All 4 parathyroid glands were found in 29% of cases, and 3 glands were identified in 24.2% of the NIRAF arm | NIRAF arm (14.4%) vs. non-NIRAF arm (28.9%) (p = 0.002) | Hypocalcemia defined as serum calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 30.4 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 23.5 pg/mL (p = 0.005) | |
| 4 | Parfentiev et al. [16] | Malignant: 18.9%; benign cases: 81.1% | NIRAF followed by ICG angiography | Autofluorescence mode of Karl Storz endoscopic system with 3 chip cameras | Hypocalcemia defined as serum calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 30.08 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 30.17 pg/mL (p = 0.52) | |||
| 5 | Wolf et al. [18] | Benign: 100% | NIRAF only | Autofluorescence mode of Karl Storz endoscopic system with 3 chip cameras | NIRAF (3.03) vs. non-NIRAF arm (3.03) (p = 1) | NIRAF arm: 0.3; non-NIRAF arm: 0.4 (p = 0.53) | Hypocalcemia defined as serum calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 26.7 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 24.7 pg/ml | |
| 6 | Yin et al. [9] | Malignant: 100% | NIRAF followed by ICG angiography | Infrared camera (Nanjing Nouyuan Medical device, China) | NIRAF (3.6) vs. non-NIRAF arm (3.2) (p < 0.001) | NIRAF arm: 2.3; non-NIRAF arm: 2.2 (p = 0.6) | *Hypoparathyroidism = PTH < 12 pg/mL | NIRAF arm: 21.1 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 15 pg/mL (p < 0.001) | |
| 7 | Huang et al. [20] | Malignant: 100% | NIRAF only | Infrared camera (Jinan microsmart intelligence technologies, China) | NIRAF (3.9) vs. non-NIRAF arm (3.2) (p < 0.001) | NIRAF arm: 6%; non-NIRAF arm: 34% (p < 0.001) | Serum calcium levels < 8.8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 21.7 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 11.4 pg/mL (p < 0.001) | |
| 8 | Rossi et al. [8] | Malignant: 58%; benign cases: 42% | NIRAF followed by ICG angiography | Fluobeam LX (Fluoptics, France) | NIRAF (3.83) vs. non-NIRAF arm (3.64) (p = 0.028) | NIRAF arm (0%) vs. non-NIRAF arm (4%) | NIRAF arm: 9%; non-NIRAF arm: 34% | Corrected calcium levels < 8 mg/dL | NIRAF arm: 16.67 pg/mL; non-NIRAF arm: 15.04 pg/mL (p = 0.165) |
| 9 | Lykke et al. [19] | Malignant: 59.8%; benign cases: 40.2% | NIRAF only | Fluobeam 800 (Fluoptics, France) and Elevision IR (Medtronic, USA) | NIRAF (7.2%) vs. non-NIRAF arm (9%) (p = 0.94) | Ionic calcium levels < 4.72 mg/dL |