Table 1.

Relationship between clinicopathological factors and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in EGC meeting ESD criteria.

	Total (N)	LVI-Positive	LVI-Negative	p Value
Mean age (years)	58.5 ± 10.8	58.0 ± 12.0	58.6 ± 10.7	0.629
Sex
M	934 (68.2)	50 (49.5)	884 (69.7)	<0.001
F	435 (31.8)	51 (50.5)	384 (30.3)
Tumor location
U	197 (14.4)	8 (7.9)	189 (14.9)	0.081
M	226 (16.5)	22 (21.8)	204 (16.1)
L	946 (69.1)	71 (70.3)	875 (69.0)
Differentiation
Differentiated	932 (68.1)	61 (60.4)	871 (68.7)	0.085
Undifferntiated	437 (31.9)	40 (39.6)	397 (31.3)
Depth
M	1060 (77.4)	62 (61.4)	998 (78.7)	<0.001
SM	309 (22.6)	39 (38.6)	270 (21.3)
Tumor size
≤10 mm	476 (34.8)	25 (24.8)	451 (35.6)	0.071
≤20 mm	628 (45.9)	51 (50.5)	577 (45.5)
>20 mm	265 (19.4)	25 (24.8)	240 (18.9)
Ulcer finding
Absence	1259 (92.0)	96 (95.0)	1163 (91.7)	0.236
Presence	110 (8.0)	5 (5.0)	105 (8.3)
Nerve invasion
Absence	1358 (99.2)	96 (95.0)	1262 (99.5)	<0.001
Presence	11 (0.8)	5 (5.0)	6 (0.5)
Lymph node metastasis
Absence	1310 (95.7)	57 (56.4)	1253 (98.8)	<0.001
Presence	59 (4.3)	44 (43.6)	15 (1.2)
N stage
N0	1040 (92.9)	36 (37.5)	1004 (98.1)	<0.001
N1	55 (4.9)	41 (42.7)	14 (1.4)
N2	18 (1.6)	15 (15.6)	3 (0.3)
N3	6 (0.5)	4 (4.2)	2 (0.2)
Dissection
D1/D1+	673 (49.2)	38 (37.6)	633 (49.9)	0.017
D2	696 (50.8)	63 (62.4)	635 (50.1)
Reconstruction
Billroth-I	433 (31.6)	29 (28.7)	404 (31.9)	0.795
Billroth-II	138 (10.1)	11 (10.9)	127 (10.0)
Billroth-II with Braun	273 (19.9)	26 (25.7)	247 (19.5)
Roux-en-Y after distal gastrectomy	198 (14.5)	15 (14.9)	183 (14.4)
Roux-en-Y after total gastrectomy	177 (12.9)	10 (9.9)	167 (13.2)
Esophagogastrostomy after proximal gastrectomy	103 (7.5)	7 (6.9)	96 (7.6)
Double-tract after proximal gastrectomy	47 (3.4)	3 (3.0)	44 (3.5)