Table 2.
Open vs. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ODP (n = 31) |
LDP (n = 162) |
p Value | ODP (n = 31) |
LDP (n = 31) |
p Value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 14 (45.2%) | 95 (58.6%) | 0.234 | 14 (45.2%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.799 |
| Male | 17 (54.8%) | 67 (41.4%) | 17 (54.8%) | 15(48.4%) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.3 (9.34) | 61.7 (14.7) | 0.417 | 63.3 (9.34) | 62.5 (13.4) | 0.578 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 30.3 (4.71) | 28.1 (4.18) | 0.020 | 30.3 (4.71) | 30 (4.70) | 0.894 |
| ASA Score | ||||||
| 1 | 0 (0%) | 23 (14.2%) | 0.068 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 2 | 19 (61.3%) | 102 (63%) | 19 (61.3%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.978 | |
| 3 | 12 (38.7%) | 36 (22.2%) | 12 (38.7%) | 13 (41.9%) | ||
| 4 | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Prior Abdominal Surgery | ||||||
| No | 18 (58.1%) | 132 (81.5%) | 0.008 | 18 (58.1%) | 20 (64.5%) | 0.794 |
| Yes | 13 (41.9%) | 30 (18.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | 11 (35.5%) | ||
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy | ||||||
| No | 28 (90.3%) | 160 (98.8%) | 0.034 | 28 (90.3%) | 30 (96.8%) | 0.605 |
| Yes | 3 (9.7%) | 2 (1.2%) | 3 (9.7%) | 1 (3.2%) | ||
| Type of lesion | ||||||
| Benign | 10 (32.3%) | 72 (44.4%) | 0.289 | 10 (32.3%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.236 |
| Malignant | 21 (67.7%) | 90 (55.6%) | 21 (67.7%) | 26 (83.9%) | ||
| Diameter of resected tumor (mm) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 51.6 (33.1) | 35.8 (19.9) | 0.014 | 51.6 (33.1) | 44.9 (23.6) | 0.535 |
| number LNN Retrieved | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 15.6 (12.8) | 10.6 (7.61) | 0.062 | 15.6 (12.8) | 13.0 (6.57) | 0.804 MW |
| number Pathologic.LNN | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.34 (2.21) | 0.94 (1.32) | 0.364 | 1.34 (2.21) | 1.14 (1.10) | 0.479 MW |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | ||||||
| No | 25 (80.6%) | 152 (93.8%) | 0.361 | 25 (80.6%) | 28 (90.3%) | 0.936 |
| Yes | 3 (9.7%) | 7 (4.3%) | 3 (9.7%) | 2 (6.5%) | ||
| Postoperative ICU stay (days) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.63 (2.98) | 0.26 (1.18) | <0.001 | 2.63 (2.98) | 0.13 (0.72) | <0.001 MW |
| POPF & | 0.085 | 0.279 | ||||
| None | 21 (67.7%) | 86 (53.1%) | ns | 21 (67.7%) | 18 (58.1%) | Ns |
| Biochemical leak | 4 (12.9%) | 53 (32.7%) | ns | 4 (12.9%) | 9 (29%) | Ns |
| Grade B/C | 6 (19.4%) | 23 (14.2%) | ns | 6 (19.4%) | 4 (12.7%) | Ns |
| Resection margin | ||||||
| R0 | 25 (83.3%) | 141 (87%) | 0.799 | 25 (83.3%) | 24 (77.4%) | 0.796 |
| R1 | 5 (16.7%) | 21 (13%) | 5 (16.7%) | 7 (22.6%) | ||
| Operative time (minute) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 273 (80.1) | 210 (73.1) | <0.001 | 273 (80.1) | 216 (83.9) | 0.003 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 620 (451) | 282 (355) | <0.001 | 620 (451) | 320 (344) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 16.9 (12.4) | 6.38 (5.01) | <0.001 | 16.9 (12.4) | 6.81 (6.32) | <0.001 MW |
| Postoperative Clavien-Dindo morbidity ≥ grade 3 | ||||||
| No | 27 (87.1%) | 139 (85.8%) | 1 | 27 (87.1%) | 26 (83.9%) | 0.983 |
| Yes | 4 (12.9%) | 23 (14.2%) | 4 (12.9%) | 5 (16.1%) | ||
| 30-day mortality | ||||||
| No | 29 (93.5%) | 160 (58.8%) | 0.960 # | 29 (93.5%) | 30 (96.8%) | 0.996 |
| Yes | 1 (3.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1 (3.2%) | ||
| 90-day mortality | ||||||
| No | 16 (51.6%) | 160 (98.2%) | 0.985 # | 16 (51.6%) | 30 (96.8%) | 0.985 # |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.2%) | ||
Abbreviation. ODP: open distal pancreatectomy; LDP: laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy; RDP: robotic distal pancreatectomy. ICU = intensive care unit, LNN = lymph node, SD = standard deviation; POPF: postoperative pancreatic fistula. ns: not significant at level 0.05. MW: Mann–Whitney test p-value; #: chi-squared test on available (excluding missing) data; &: general chi-square p-value is reported in the line of the name of the variable. Post-hoc chi-square p-values, adjusted for Bonferroni correction, are reported in the lines corresponding to each category of the variable.