Analysis of the Vvi-miR399 family precursor and mature sequences. (a) Stem–loop structures of the Vvi-MIR399 gene family in grapevine. The mature Vvi-miR399 portions are highlighted by yellow bars. (b) Sequence alignment of the miR399 precursor family members in grapevine. Vvi, Vitis vinifera (grapevine); blue, 100% conservation; pink, ≥75% conservation; yellow, ≥50% conservation. (c) The conserved domain analysis and mature sequence alignment of the Vvi-miR399 family. Identical bases in all sequences are marked in * and dark blue. (d) Evolutionary relationship analysis of the Vvi-MIR399 gene family members and the other four plants. ath, Arabidopsis; sly, tomato; csi, sweet orange; osa, rice; Grapevine MIR399 members are highlighted by different colors (marked with red). The MIR399 genes of the five plants were clustered into three clades. Pink, blue, and purple indicate clades I to III, respectively. (e) Phylogenetic analysis of Vvi-miR399 family members. The three clades were represented in red, blue, and green.