Table 1.

Experimental models and techniques for studying oxidative stress in cerebral vasculature. Overview of the various experimental approaches employed or that could be utilized to investigate the impacts of oxidative stress on cerebral vasculature. Each method offers a different point of view of the mechanisms by which ROS, RNS, and antioxidants may affect cerebral vascular tone and blood flow.

Model/Technique	Investigations on Cerebral Vasculature
Animal models (e.g., rats, rabbits, etc.) [25,26,27]	ROS/RNS effects on cerebral blood flow, microperfusion and autoregulation
In vitro studies [28,29,30]	Molecular mechanisms modulating the endothelial and smooth muscle cell response
Use of antioxidants [31,32,33]	Therapeutic neuroprotective therapies and modulation of vascular tone in oxidative stress conditions
Diagnostic tools	Non-invasive measurement of the effects of ROS/RNS on cerebral blood flow and metabolism
Pharmacological interventions	Investigation of the causal relationship among ROS, RNS, antioxidants, and vascular tone