Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID patients (n = 390).
| Variable | Total | Long COVID (n = 390) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 303) |
No (n = 87) |
|||
| Age, (y) Mean ± SD | 31.8 ± 13.6 | 31.7 ± 14.8 | 31.8 ± 13.2 | 0.431 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 173 (44.4) | 128 (42.2) | 45 (51.7) | 0.074 |
| BMI, N (%) | 0.281 | |||
| Underweight <18.5 | 43 (11.0) | 29 (9.6) | 14 (16.1) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 233 (59.7) | 181 (59.7) | 52 (59.8) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 76 (19.5) | 61 (20.1) | 15 (17.2) | |
| Obesity (>30) | 38 (9.7) | 32 (10.6) | 6 (6.9) | |
| Co-morbidities, N (%) | 159 (40.8) | |||
| Obesity (>30) | 38 (9.7) | 32 (10.6) | 6 (6.9) | 0.212 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 34 (8.7) | 28 (9.2) | 6 (6.9) | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 33 (8.5) | 27 (8.9) | 6 (6.9) | 0.365 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27 (6.9) | 23 (7.6) | 4 (4.6) | 0.239 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 16 (4.1) | 11 (3.6) | 5 (5.7) | 0.273 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (3.1) | 11 (3.6) | 1 (1.1) | 0.211 |
| Respirator disease | 12 (3.1) | 8 (2.6) | 4 (4.6) | 0.268 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 (2.6) | 7 (2.3) | 3 (3.4) | 0.393 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4 (1) | 4 (1.3) | 0 | 0.363 |
| Major depressive disorder | 4 (1) | 4 (1.3) | 0 | 0.363 |
| History of COVID-19 Vaccination, N (%) | 377 (96.7) | 295 (97.4) | 82 (94.3) | 0.14 |
| 1 shot | 7 (1.8) | |||
| 2 shots | 158 (40.5) | |||
| 3 shots | 116 (29.7) | |||
| 4 shots | 96 (24.6) | |||
| Initial symptom during COVID-19 infection, N (%) | ||||
| Cough | 175 (44.9) | 144 (47.5) | 31 (36.5) | 0.049 |
| Sore throat | 135 (34.6) | 106 (35) | 29 (33.3) | 0.766 |
| Rhinorrhea | 69 (17.7) | 55 (18.2) | 14 (16.1) | 0.657 |
| Fever | 65 (16.7) | 48 (15.8) | 17 (19.5) | 0.253 |
| Sputum | 40 (10.3) | 30 (9.9) | 10 (11.5) | 0.666 |
| Fatigue | 13 (3.3) | 10 (3.3) | 3 (3.4) | 0.584 |
| Headache | 11 (2.8) | 9 (3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.739 |
| Chest tight | 9 (2.3) | 9 (3) | 0 | 0.217 |
| Anosmia | 7 (1.8) | 6 (2) | 1 (1.1) | 0.607 |
| Myalgia | 6 (1.5) | 5 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0.738 |
| Pneumonia | 21 (5.4) | 19 (6.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.185 |
| Nasal congestion | 5 (1.3) | 3 (1) | 2 (2.3) | 0.310 |
| Receiving anti-viral drug during disease, N (%) | 383 (98.2) | 297 (98.3) | 86 (98.9) | 0.597 |
| Receiving O2 therapy during disease, N (%) | 14 (3.6) | 0.804 | ||
| Nasal canular | 11 (2.8) | 9 (3) | 2 (2.3) | |
| Non invasive | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | |
| Mechanical ventilator | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |