Table 2.

Echocardiographic findings of chest pain-related diseases.

Pathology	Diagnostic Sign on Echocardiography
Acute coronary syndrome	Regional wall motion abnormalities, presence of any mechanical complications, intravascular volume assessment, circulatory compromise/shock, cardiac arrest
Acute aortic syndrome	Intimal flap, acute AI, aortic dilatation
Acute myocarditis	RWMAs
Pericardial effusion	Anechoic/hypo-echoic pericardial free space
Tamponade	Pericardial effusion, signs of compression (collapse: RA systolic; RV diastolic; LA systolic; LV diastolic)
Acute pulmonary embolism	Right heart dilation, increased TR velocity, diastolic movement of the IVS, McConnell sign, dilated IVC
Aortic stenosis	Thickened leaflets, gradient
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Myocardial hypertrophy, SAM
Chest trauma	Pericardial/pleural effusion, RWMAs, acute valve insufficiency, acute aortic syndrome

AI: aortic insufficiency; RWMAs: regional wall motion abnormalities; TR: tricuspid regurgitation; IVS: interventricular septum; IVC: inferior vena cava; SAM: systolic anterior motion.