Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Study Design	Atropine %, Treatment Time	n	Age (years)	Baseline SE (D)	Baseline AL (mm)	Country
J.C. Yam 2023 [18]	RCT	0.05%, 2 y	160	6.86 ± 1.42	0.50 ± 0.33	22.82 ± 0.72	Hong Kong
		0.01%, 2 y	159	6.88 ± 1.35	0.51 ± 0.33	22.89 ± 0.70
		Placebo, 2 y	155	6.75 ± 1.27	0.53 ± 0.31	22.80 ± 0.64
W. Wang 2023 [17]	RCT	0.01%, 6 m	30	8.60 ± 1.72	−0.19 ± 0.28	23.59 ± 0.77	China
		Placebo, 6 m	30	8.50 ± 1.74	−0.21 ± 0.32	23.61 ± 0.75
J. Jethani 2022 [26]	RCT	0.01%, 2 y	30	7.70 ± 2.10	N/A	20.80 ± 0.60	India
		Placebo, 2 y	30	7.20 ± 1.90		21.00 ± 0.50
P.C. Fang 2010 [16]	Non-RCT	0.025%, 18.4 m *	24	7.60 ± 1.70	−0.31 ± 0.45	N/A	Taiwan
		Placebo, 16.3 m *	26	8.20 ± 2.10	−0.17 ± 0.50

Note: m: months; y: years; N/A: not available. All data are reported as the mean ± SD, if not marked otherwise. * Average follow-up time.