Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of people with DCM and disease-causing genetic findings—comparison between TTN versus other genes and between TTN and LMNA genes.
| Variable | All Positive n = 62 |
TTN n = 32 |
Other Genes n = 30 |
p Value TTN/Other |
LMNA n = 9 |
p Value TTN/LMNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender male n (%) | 41 (66.1) | 24 (75%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.104 | 2 (22.2%) | 0.006 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 44.9 ± 13.1 | 45.1 ± 11.6 | 44.7 ± 14.8 | 0.915 | 44.1 ± 17.3 | 0.847 |
| Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD) | 40.2 ± 12.6 | 41.2 ± 10.9 | 39.2 ± 14.1 | 0.550 | 39.0 ± 16.1 | 0.880 |
| Presentation reason n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiac symptoms | 49 (79%) | 24 (75%) | 25 (83.3%) | 0.679 | 8 (88.9%) | 0.350 |
| Sudden cardiac death episode | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (3.1%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.738 | 0 | 0.780 |
| Incidental discovery | 4 (6.4%) | 2 (6.2%) | 2 (6.6%) | 0.910 | 0 | 0.427 |
| Family screening no symptoms | 8 (12.9%) | 5 (15.6%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.645 | 1 (1.1%) | 0.176 |
| Heart failure | ||||||
| LVEF value (mean ± SD) | 36.2 ± 11.7 | 34.9 ± 11.7 | 37.6 ± 11.7 | 0.359 | 41.9 ± 9.2 | 0.073 |
| LVEF ≤ 35% n (%) | 26 (41.9%) | 15 (46.9%) | 11 (36.3%) | 0.289 | 2 (22.2%) | 0.174 |
| NTproBNP (pg/mL) (mean ± SD) |
3967.1 ± 4971.0 (n = 34) |
3695.3 ± 5083.2 (n = 21) |
4406.0 ± 4955.4 (n = 13) |
0.691 | 5533.6 ± 6256.4 (n = 6)) |
0.464 |
| BNP (pg/mL) (mean ± SD) |
662.8 ± 974.0 (n = 19) |
33.5 ± 41.7 (n = 4) |
830.6 ± 1037.3 (n = 15) |
0.010 | 659.0 ± 729.5 (n = 4) |
0.185 |
| Complications n (%) | ||||||
| Ventricular arrhythmias | 17 (27.4%) | 9 (28.1%) | 3 (10%) | 0.293 | 4 (44.4%) | 0.294 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16 (25.8%) | 7 (21.9%) | 9 (30%) | 0.301 | 5 (55.6%) | 0.064 |
| Heart conduction disorder | 17 (27.4%) | 6 (18.8%) | 11 (36.7) | 0.097 | 6 (66.7%) | 0.011 |
| Fibrosis on MRI | 31/41 (76.5%) | 16/21 (76.2%) | 16/20 (80.0%) | 0.463 | 8/8 (100%) | 0.126 |
| Heart transplantation | 1 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 0.475 | 1 (11.1%) | 0.220 |
| Deceased | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (6.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.525 | 0 | 0.605 |
| Devices | ||||||
| Pacemaker n (%) | 3 (4.8%) | 1 (3.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.475 | 1 (11.1%) | 0.395 |
| Any ICD (ICD + CRT-D) n (%) | 22 (35.5%) | 9 (28.1%) | 13 (43.3%) | 0.115 | 6 (66.7%) | 0.022 |
| CRTP n (%) | 3 (4.8%) | 1 | 2 (6.7) | 0.230 | 1 (11.1%) | 0.220 |
| Age at ICD implant (mean ± SD) | 39.3 ± 13.5 | 42.22 ± 13.49 | 37.1 ± 13.7 | 0.403 | 33.3 ± 14.2 | 0.243 |
| Age at CRT implant (mean ± SD) | 50.0 ± 6.8 | 50 | 50.2 ± 7.8 | 0.979 | 52 | - |