Table 2.

A summary of treatment strategies for pigmented purpuric dermatoses.

Drug	Recommended Regimen	Remarks
Oral corticosteroids [44,45]	-	Might be effective, but should be avoided due to a high rate of recurrencies after dose tapering.
Topical corticosteroids [2,36,39,40,41,43]	Medium to high potency, once a day	Might be effective, but often has recurrencies. To be considered in children, limited and itchy lesions. Be cautious of side effects related to a prolonged use.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors [2,51,52]	-	Might be effective. Better side effect profile than corticosteroids.
Pentoxifylline [43,44,53,54,55,56,57,58]	400 mg three times a day up to 8 weeks	Relatively high efficacy. Fewer side effects compared to other treatments.
UVB-NB [2,37,46,49,76,77,78,79]	3 times a week for about two months	Relatively high efficacy. Maintanance therapy of twice weekly for 3 weeks and once weekly for another 3 weeks might be necessary for long-term remission. Retreatment usually successful. Recommended especially in extensive skin lesions and in children.
PUVA [37,42,70,71]	Up to 30 sessions	Relatively high efficacy. Recommended especially in extensive skin lesions.
Vitamin C and rutoside [2,45,84]	500 mg of vitamin C and 50 mg of rutoside two times a day	Partial remission reported in a few cases.
Rheological drugs combinations	diosmin/hesperidin/Euphorbia prostata extract/calcium dobesilate [86], antihistaminic drug/topical steroid/ascorbic acid/rutoside/hesperidin/diosmin [49], vitamin C and calcium pantothenate [85]	Might be effective, but no standarized drug combinations and dosages.
Dapson [44]	50 mg one time a day	One case report with a partial response.
Colchicine [44,47,91]	0.5 mg two times a day	High efficacy reported in a few patients.
IPL, PDT, Lasers [48,98,99,100,101,102]	-	High efficacy in localized lesions.
Methotrexate, cyclosporin A [96,97]	-	Should be reserved for highly symptomatic patients with failure of other treatments.