Table 2.

Effects of mechanotransduction-targeted drugs in cell treatment

Agent/material	Action mechanism	Cells	Outcomes	Mechanical cues	Ref.
Gsmtx4	Block CaN/NFAT1 signaling axis	Rat primary chondrocytes	Protect chondrocytes from apoptosis and anabolic/catabolic imbalance under mechanical strain	Inhibited the deleterious effects of mechanical strain	[209]
Andrographolide	Activating the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway	Nucleus pulposus cells	Inhibits static mechanical pressure-induced apoptosis and improves cell viability	Suppress static mechanical pressure-induced ROS accumulation in the NPCs	[210]
γ-Fe2O3 SPIONPs	The opening of the Piezol mechanosensor	Neural stem cells	Regulates the directional differentiation of NSCs and neuron regeneration	Increase the elastic modulus of the NSCs	[211]
Y-27632	Inhibit RhoA/ROCK pathway	Unknown	Reduce internal resistance	Stiffness-induced cell activation	[212]
Morin	Inhibit Hippo/YAP and TGF-β1/Smad pathways	Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)	Show antifibrotic effect	Stiffness-induced HSC activation	[213]
Xanthohumol	Mediate the GAS5/miR-27a signaling pathway	Chondrocytes	Protected chondrocytes and increased viability	Protective effects against mechanical stimulation-induced ECM degradation	[214]
Metuzumab	Decrease β1 integrin/FAK/Akt activation via CD147 blockade	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)	Inhibit tumor growth and metastatic potentials	Stiffness, shear stress or IFP-induced proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells	[215]