Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HCC cases and matched controls.
| Characteristics |
HCC cases (n = 434) |
Matched controls (n = 434) |
Statistics | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0† | 1.000 | ||
| Women | 73 (16.8) | 73 (16.8) | ||
| Men | 361 (83.2) | 361 (83.2) | ||
| Age (years) | 59.8 ± 7.6 | 59.9 ± 7.5 | 1.98* | 0.048 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 2.8 | 0.35* | 0.727 |
| Smoking | 117.44† | <0.001 | ||
| No | 169 (38.9) | 327 (75.3) | ||
| Yes | 265 (61.1) | 107 (24.7) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | 73.36† | <0.001 | ||
| No | 253 (58.3) | 367 (84.6) | ||
| Yes | 181 (41.7) | 67 (15.4) | ||
| BCLC stage | – | – | ||
| 0 | 41 (9.4) | – | ||
| A | 165 (38.0) | – | ||
| B | 42 (9.7) | – | ||
| C | 186 (42.9) | – | ||
| D | – | – | ||
| HBsAg (+) | 448.00† | <0.001 | ||
| No | 66 (15.2) | 366 (84.3) | ||
| Yes | 368 (84.8) | 51 (11.8) | ||
| Missing | – | 17 (3.9) | ||
| History of fatty liver disease | 14.34† | <0.001 | ||
| No | 339 (78.1) | 375 (86.4) | ||
| Yes | 95 (21.9) | 52 (12.0) | ||
| Missing | – | 7 (1.6) | ||
| History of diabetes | 1.63† | 0.257 | ||
| No | 378 (87.1) | 390 (89.9) | ||
| Yes | 56 (12.9) | 44 (10.1) | ||
| HEI-2015 | 55.5 ± 7.0 | 65.1 ± 6.3 | 21.01* | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1912 ± 610 | 1951 ± 585 | 0.97* | 0.334 |
Values are shown as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. *t value, †chi-squared value. BCLC stage: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage; BMI: Body mass index; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HEI-2015: Healthy Eating Index 2015. –: Not available.