Table 2.
Dietary intakes and serum levels of copper and zinc of HCC cases and matched controls.
| Characteristics |
HCC cases (n = 434) |
Matched controls (n = 434) |
Statistics | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary copper intakes (mg/day)* | 1.56 (1.21, 2.04) | 2.10 (1.63, 2.89) | -8.26 | <0.001 |
| Dietary zinc intakes (mg/day)* | 12.3 (11.1, 13.6) | 13.0 (12.0, 14.0) | -5.48 | <0.001 |
| Dietary Cu/Zn ratio* | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) | 0.16 (0.13, 0.23) | -7.15 | <0.001 |
| Serum copper (μg/L) | 982 (838, 1200) | 874 (802, 955) | -9.26 | <0.001 |
| Serum zinc (μg/L) | 871 (773, 980) | 1098 (968, 1257) | -14.85 | <0.001 |
| Serum Cu/Zn ratio | 1.13 (0.94, 1.42) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.93) | -15.67 | <0.001 |
Values are shown as median (IQR). *Intakes of copper and zinc were adjusted for sex-specific mean total energy intake (i.e., 1922 kcal/day for men and 1688 kcal/day for women) using the Residual Method. Cu/Zn: Copper/zinc; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IQR: Interquartile range.