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. 2024 Feb 11;16(2):e54021. doi: 10.7759/cureus.54021

Table 1. Bias assessment of each study.

AUTHOR (YEAR) STUDY DESIGN RISK OF BIAS
Rogge AK (2018)[2] Randomized Controlled Trial Low
Reycraft JT (2020)[17] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Moderate
Gomes-Osman J (2017)[9] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Low
Mang CS (2026)[4] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Moderate
Pareja-Galeano H (2013)[14] Cross-Sectional Moderate
Ross RE (2019)[12] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate
Hiroyuki Shimada (2017)[13] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate
Chapman SB (2013)[10] Randomized Controlled Trial Low
Kubica J (2019)[11] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate
Best J (2015)[19] Randomized Controlled Trial Low
Filipas (2020)[5] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate
Morris TP (2020)[3] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Low
Schneider S (2009)[6] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Low
El-Sayes (2019)[20] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Low
Andrews SC (2020)[1] Nonrandomized, Pre-Post Intervention Moderate
Perini R (2016)[7] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate
Loprinzi PD (2019)[8] Randomized Controlled Trial Moderate