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. 2022 Jun 29;7(7):e638–e646. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00133-5

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Levels of CCG outsourcing to for-profit organisations from 2013 to 2020

(A) Rolling percentage of total spending on health care and other for-profits. (B) Percentage change in total spending received by companies in different industrial sectors, based at zero for each sector's 2013–14 levels. (C) Total for-profit outsourcing over the entire time series for each CCG in England. (D) Levels of for-profit outsourcing across all CCGs each month. CCG=clinical commissioning group. NA=not available.