Table 2.
Main effects between upper aerodigestive track cancers odds and major risk factors.
| Total no. of subjects | UADT cases 565 | Controls 983 | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted OR per 4.5 μg/m3 increase (95% CI) | |
| PM2.5 concentration1 1-year before diagnosis2, μg/m3 | 19.3 (3.2) | 18.8 (3.3) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) |
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Household indoor air pollution since adulthood3 | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
| No | 221 (39.1) | 459 (46.7) | Reference |
| Any | 344 (60.9) | 524 (53.3) | 1.09 (0.85. 1.39) |
| Tobacco smoking, pack-years4 | |||
| 0 | 164 (29.0) | 445 (45.3) | Reference |
| 1 – 19 | 137 (24.3) | 341 (34.7) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) |
| 20 or more | 264 (46.7) | 197 (20.0) | 2.20 (1.60, 3.02) |
| Alcohol drinking, drink-years5 | |||
| 0 | 113 (20.0) | 255 (25.9) | Reference |
| 1 – 19 | 144 (25.5) | 422 (42.9) | 0.86 (0.63, 1.19) |
| 20 or more | 308 (54.5) | 306 (31.1) | 1.53 (1.10, 2.13) |
The interquartile range (IQR) for PM2.5 concentration one-year before reference date was 4.5 μg/m3 (from 16.7 to 21.2 μg/m3) among all controls.
Models adjust for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, tobacco smoking (ever/never), tobacco smoking pack-years, alcohol drinking drink-years, block group median household income in 1999, and household indoor air pollution since adulthood.
Household indoor air pollution includes exposure to environmental tobacco use and solid fuel use for heating or cooking includes fireplace, wood, coal, oil, kerosene, charcoal, wood, and coal stove; Models adjust for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, tobacco smoking (ever/never), tobacco smoking pack-years, alcohol drinking drink-years, block group median household income in 1999, and PM2.5 concentration one-year before reference date.
The IQR for tobacco smoking was 27.14 pack-years (from 2.86 to 30.00 pack-years) among all smoking controls; Models adjust for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, alcohol drinking drink-years, block group median household income in 1999, household air pollution since adulthood, and PM2.5 concentration one-year before reference date.
The IQR for alcohol drinking was 35.80 drink-years (from 4.47 to 40.27 pack-years) among all drinking controls; Models adjust for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, tobacco smoking (ever/never), tobacco smoking pack-years, block group median household income in 1999, household air pollution since adulthood, and PM2.5 concentration one-year before reference date.