Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of intranasal vs. intramuscular formulations of emergency use naloxone.
| Intranasal (Narcan) (14) | Intranasal (Kloxxado) (15) | Intramuscular (Zimhi) (16) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 mga | 8 mgb | 8 mg | 5 mg/0.5 mL | ||
| N | 29 | 29 | 24 | 23 | 14 |
| Cmax, ng/mL | 4.83 (43) | 9.70 (36) | 12.3 (55.4) | 12.8 (37.0) | 17.2 (44) |
| tmax, h | 0.50 (0.17–1.0) | 0.33 (0.17–1.00) | 0.25 (0.10–1.0) | 0.25 (0.10–1.0) | 0.25 (0.17–0.52) |
| AUC0 − inf, ng·h/mL | 7.95 (37) | 15.5 (23) | 16.7 (31.9)c | 19.0 (32.7)d | 26.6 (21.2) |
| t1/2, h | 2.08 (30) | 2.10 (32) | 2.69 (69.9) | 1.76 (39.7)d | 1.5 (15.2) |
a1 spray in 1 nostril.
b2 sprays, 1 in each nostril.
cn = 15.
dn = 19.
AUC0 − inf, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity; Cmax, maximum plasma concentration; t1/2, apparent terminal elimination half-life; tmax, time to maximum concentration. Mean (%CV) for all parameters except tmax, which is median (range).