Table 3.
Disease-related knowledge, health literacy, physical activity, dietary habits and tobacco use, pre- and post-education (N = 184).
| Outcome measures | Score range | Pre-education | Post-education | Δ | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease-related knowledge | |||||
| DATE-Q total scores (mean ± SD) | 0–20 | 12.0 ± 2.9 | 15.4 ± 2.1 | +3.4 | <0.001 |
| Subscale: self-management (mean ± SD) | 0–4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | +0.8 | <0.001 |
| Subscale: long-term complications (mean ± SD) | 0–4 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | +0.7 | <0.001 |
| Subscale: being active (mean ± SD) | 0–4 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | +1.0 | <0.001 |
| Subscale: healthy eating (mean ± SD) | 0–4 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | +0.4 | 0.002 |
| Subscale: psychosocial wellbeing (mean ± SD) | 0–4 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | +0.5 | <0.001 |
| Health literacy | |||||
| BRIEF total scores (mean ± SD) | 4–20 | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | +0.2 | 0.84 |
| Limited health literacy, n (%) | – | 82 (44.6%) | 84 (45.7%) | +2 | – |
| Marginal health literacy, n (%) | – | 101 (54.9%) | 95 (51.6%) | −6 | – |
| Adequate health literacy, n (%) | – | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.7%) | +4 | – |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Steps taken per day (mean ± SD) | – | 1,900.0 ± 1,122.9 | 6,075.0 ± 1,130.4 | +4,175 | <0.001 |
| Active (i.e., reached ≥10,000 per day), n (%) | – | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – | – |
| Minutes of moderate/vigorous-intensity exercise per week (mean ± SD) | – | 98.7 ± 15.1 | 157.8 ± 91.5 | +59.1 | <0.001 |
| Dietary habits | |||||
| Fruit and vegetable servings per day (mean ± SD) | – | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | +3.2 | 0.001 |
| Consuming at least 5 fruits/vegetables per day, n (%) | – | 12 (6.5%) | 107 (58.2%) | +95 | – |
| Tobacco use | |||||
| Current, n (%) | 4 (2.7%) | 3 (2.1%) | −1 | – | |
| Former, n (%) | 3 (2.1%) | 4 (2.7%) | +1 | – | |
| Never, n (%) | 139 (95.2%) | 139 (95.2%) | – | – | |
DATE-Q, diabetes education questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.
Valid percentages reported.