Table 2.
Demographic, food insecurity, trauma and mental health characteristics of the sample
| n (%) | M (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69 (100) | 26.3 (5.7) | 18–44 |
| Level of education completed | 69 (100) | ||
| No formal education | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Primary education | 40 (58) | ||
| Secondary education | 28 (40.6) | ||
| Tertiary education | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Main source of income | 69 (100) | ||
| No income | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Employment | 9 (13.) | ||
| Social grant | 49 (71) | ||
| Family support | 8 (11.6) | ||
| Partner support | 5 (7.2) | ||
| Other1 | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Amount of money available to spend per month2 | 68 (100) | ||
| None | 0 (0.0) | ||
| R1 – R500 ($0 – $31) | 29 (42) | ||
| R501 – R1000 ($31 – $61) | 28 (30.6) | ||
| R1001 – R2000 ($61—$122) | 9 (13) | ||
| > R2001 (> $122) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Household Hunger Scale (HHS) score | 69 (100) | 4.6 (2.2) | 3–12 |
| Childhood Trauma Scale (CTQ) score | 69 (100) | 22.2 (6.5) | 14–40 |
| Experienced childhood neglect | 38 (55.1) | ||
| Experienced childhood emotional abuse | 36 (52.2) | ||
| Experienced childhood physical abuse | 48 (69.6) | ||
| Experienced childhood sexual abuse | 20 (29.0) | ||
| Intimate partner violence (IPV) | 69 (100) | ||
| Experienced physical IPV | 24 (34.8) | ||
| Experienced sexual IPV | 24 (34.8) | ||
| Non-partner violence (NPV) | 69 (100) | ||
| Experienced sexual NPV | 10 (14.5) | ||
| Composite pre-flood trauma load score | 69 (100) | 2.9 (1.7) | 0–7 |
| Emotional distress (K6) pre-flood | 67 (100) | 15.9(5.4) | 6–24 |
| Emotional distress (K6) post-flood | 69 (100) | 15.1(5.4) | 6–24 |
| Depression (CESD) pre-flood | 66 (100) | 23.9(12.4) | 3–51 |
| Depression (CESD) post-flood | 68 (100) | 20.3(12.2) | 0–44 |
| Anxiety (GAD7) pre-flood | 69 (100) | 8.4(5.2) | 0–21 |
| Anxiety (GAD7) post-flood | 69 (100) | 8.7(5.4) | 0–21 |
| PTSD (HTQ) pre-flood | 68 (100) | 32.9(13.1) | 16–63 |
| PTSD (HTQ) post-flood | 69 (100) | 35.2(12.4) | 16–60 |
1. Student bursary funding provided by the South African National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS)
2. Based on the average United States Dollar ($) to South African Rand (ZAR) exchange rate of $1 to R16.4 in 2022
HHS Household Hunger scale; CTQ Childhood trauma scale; IPV Intimate partner violence; NPV Non-partner violence; K6 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; CES-D Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GAD7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7; PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder; HTQ Harvard Trauma Questionnaire