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. 2023 Sep 7;54(2):517–530. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01923-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Percentage of total head acceleration events (HAEs) by playing grade for a all match events, b tackle area and c rucks. The tackle area includes both the tackler and the ball carrier. Rucks were defined as a phase of play with one player on the ground and at least two opposing players engaged over them. Other events include scrum, lineouts, mauls and general play. Figs b and c compare forwards and backs. Prem Premier, U13 Under-13, U15 Under-15, U19 Under-19