Table 4.

Multilevel linear regression models predicting BMI z-scores; N = 8011 in 672 census tracts

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	Coeff	95% CI	Coeff	95% CI	Coeff	95% CI	Coeff	95% CI
Intercept	0.36***	0.29–0.42	0.09	− 0.07–0.26	− 0.05	− 0.35–0.73	− 0.14	− 0.43–0.16
Patient-level
Sociodemographic
Age			0.03***	0.02–0.03	0.03***	− 0.14–0.02	0.03***	0.02–0.03
Sex (girl, ref)
Boy			− 0.07	− 0.15–0.01	− 0.06	− 0.14–0.02	− 0.06	− 0.14–0.02
Race/ethnicity (Latinx, ref)
Non-Latinx White			− 0.32***	− 0.44– − 0.19	− 0.30***	− 0.46– − 0.13	− 0.15	− 0.45–0.15
Non-Latinx Black			− 0.34**	− 0.58– − 0.09	− 0.39**	− 0.69– − 0.08	− 0.25	− 0.83–0.33
Asian			− 0.56***	− 0.72– − 0.39	− 0.48***	− 0.70– − 0.27	− 0.23	− 0.65–0.20
Other Race			− 0.10	− 0.22–0.02	− 0.07	− 0.23–0.10	0.11	− 0.22–0.45
Patient characteristics
Health insurance (private provider, ref)
Public provider			0.15**	0.05–0.26	0.10*	− 0.00–0.22	0.09	− 0.03–0.21
Admission type (elective, ref)
Emergency			0.04	− 0.06–0.15	0.04	− 0.06–0.14	0.04	− 0.06–0.14
Other			− 0.10	− 0.15–0.07	− 0.05	− 0.15–0.06	− 0.05	− 0.15–0.06
Diagnosis (endocrine, nutritional. and metabolic diseases, ref.)
Bacterial and viral infection			0.07	− 0.05–0.19	0.07	− 0.05–0.20	0.08	− 0.04–0.20
Diseases of the blood			− 0.12	− 0.24–0.01	− 0.11	− 0.23–0.01	− 0.11	− 0.23–0.01
Circulatory system			0.02	− 0.13–0.18	0.03	− 0.13–0.19	0.04	− 0.12–0.19
Nervous system			0.05	− 0.07–0.16	0.08	− 0.04–0.19	0.08	− 0.04–0.20
Congenital and chromosomal			− 0.33***	− 0.46– − 0.20	− 0.35***	− 0.48– − 0.21	− 0.35***	− 0.48–0.22
Digestive system			− 0.02	− 0.12–0.07	− 0.02	− 0.12–0.07	− 0.04	− 0.13–0.06
Genitourinary system			0.19*	0.04–0.35	0.16*	0.01–0.32	0.16*	0.01–0.32
Musculoskeletal system			− 0.15*	− 0.28– − 0.01	− 0.14*	− 0.28– − 0.01	− 0.15*	− 0.28– − 0.01
Respiratory system			− 0.09	− 0.20–0.02	− 0.09	− 0.19–0.02	− 0.09	− 0.19–0.02
Trauma, injury, poisoning			0.05	− 0.09–0.19	0.05	− 0.09–0.19	0.06	− 0.08–0.19
Other diagnoses			0.05	− 0.05–0.15	0.05	− 0.05–0.14	0.05	− 0.05–0.14
Length of stay			− 0.01***	− 0.02– − 0.01	− 0.01***	− 0.02– − 0.01	− 0.01**	− 0.02– − 0.01
Pain levels			0.04***	0.03–0.05	0.04***	0.02–0.05	0.03***	0.02–0.05
Neighborhood-level
Neighborhood (Middle-Class, ref)
Advantaged					− 0.21	− 0.42–0.01	0.01	− 0.43–0.45
Working-Class					0.06	− 0.12–0.23	0.12	− 0.12–0.35
Disadvantaged					0.21*	0.01–0.40	0.35**	0.11–0.60
Neighborhood average race/ethnicity					0.07	− 0.01–0.15	0.05	− 0.37–0.13
Neighborhood average health insurance					0.05	− 0.23–0.33	0.07	− 0.21–0.35
Interaction effects (Latinx*Middle-Class, ref.)
Non-Latinx White*Advantaged							− 0.28	− 0.82–0.26
Non-Latinx White*Working-Class							− 0.20	− 0.62–0.23
Non-Latinx White*Disadvantaged							− 0.10	− 0.56–0.36
Non-Latinx Black*Advantaged							− 0.27	− 1.22–0.68
Non-Latinx Black*Working-Class							− 0.16	− 0.90–0.58
Non-Latinx Black*Disadvantaged							0.10	− 0.92–1.11
Asian*Advantaged							− 0.31	− 0.95–0.34
Asian*Working-Class							− 0.17	− 0.71–0.37
Asian*Disadvantaged							− 0.76*	− 1.43– − 0.08
Other Race*Advantaged							− 0.27	− 0.82–0.29
Other Race*Working-Class							0.04	− 0.39–0.46
Other Race*Disadvantaged							− 0.44*	− 0.86– − 0.01
Random effects
Intercept	0.43***	0.36–0.51	0.26***	0.20–0.33	0.42***	0.34–0.51	0.41***	0.34–0.50
BMI z-scores	1.77***	1.71–0.82	1.79***	1.73–1.87	1.65***	1.58–1.72	1.64***	1.58–1.71

Source: Data are from the 2013–2018 electronic medical records and the 2014–2018 ACS

^***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05