Table 2.

Basic characteristics of the included studies

Study	Sample size, n	Age, year (mean ± SD)		Tai Chi intervention	Control group	Treatment course	Primary outcomes
	Tai Chi/Control	Tai Chi	Control
Hong et al., 2018	37/35	71.26 ± 7.95	69.97 ± 8.03	24-form simplified Tai Chi	Wellness Education	6 months	①
Li et al., 2005	125/131	76.94 ± 4.69	77.99 ± 5.14	24-form simplified Tai Chi	Stretching	6 months	①②
Li et al., 2018	224/223	77.5 ± 5.6	77.8 ± 5.9	Yang style Tai Chi	Stretching	24 weeks	①
Hwang et al., 2016	182/175	72.0 ± 8.1	72.7 ± 8.1	Yang style Tai Chi	Lower extremity training	6 months	①
Sattin et al., 2005	108/109	80.4 ± 3.1	80.5 ± 3.2	Yang style Tai Chi	Wellness Education	48 weeks	①
Taylor et al., 2012	233;220/231	75.3 ± 7.0; 74.4 ± 6.2	73.7 ± 6.2	Sun style Tai Chi	Low-level exercise	20 weeks	①
Day et al., 2015	204/205	77.6 ± 5.1	77.8 ± 5.0	Sun style Tai Chi	Flexibility and stretching program	24 weeks	①
Choi et al., 2005	29/30	76.96 ± 7.7	78.73 ± 6.9	Sun style Tai Chi	NA	12 weeks	①
Faber et al., 2006	78/90	84.4 ± 6.4	84.9 ± 5.9	TCEP	NA	20 weeks	①
Zong 2022	11/11	68.58 ± 4.55	69.34 ± 3.12	24-form simplified Tai Chi	NA	24 weeks	②
Hu 2021	15/16	66.4 ± 1.7	66.7 ± 1.8	Yang style Tai Chi	Wellness Education	16 weeks	②
Manor et al., 2014	29/28	87 ± 5	86 ± 6	Yang style Tai Chi	Education	12 weeks	②
Logghe et al., 2009	138/131	77.5 ± 4.7	76.8 ± 4.6	Yang style Tai Chi	Usual care	13 weeks	②
Saravanakumar et al., 2014	8/10	81.1 ± 8.0	85.4 ± 9.1	TCEP	Usual care	14 weeks	②
Dai 2012	48/20	68.10 ± 5.27	69.30 ± 5.91	TCEP	Walking	12 weeks	②
Wolf et al., 2003	145/141	80.9 ± 6.6	80.8 ± 5.8	Yang style Tai Chi	Wellness Education	48 weeks	①
Penn et al., 2019	20;15/15	76.45 ± 8.63; 75.27 ± 5.20	73.4 ± 8.2	TCEP; 24-form simplified Tai Chi	Education	8 weeks	②

①: Incidence of falls; ②: BBS; SD standard deviation, TCEP Tai Chi exercise program, NA not at all