Table 2.
Microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids production from various organic carbon sources
| Microalgae | Carbon source | PUFAs | Yield | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. pseudonana | Crude glycerol | EPA | 8.41 ± 0.15% | Baldisserotto et al. (2021) |
| Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Glucose | Linolic acid | 16.3 ± 0.99% | Ratnapuram et al. (2018) |
| Porphyridium purpureum | Sodium acetate | ARA | 0.38% (v/v) | Jiao et al. (2018) |
| P. tricornutum | Crude glycerol | EPA | 45.52 ± 2.72% | Penhaul Smith et al. (2023) |
| C. vulgaris | Glucose and industrial oleaginous residue | γ-linolenic acid | 4.9% | Rosa et al. (2020) |
| Phaeodactylum tricornutum | Glucose | EPA | 23.6% | Hamilton et al. (2016) |
| P. tricornutum | Glycerol | EPA | 31.36 ± 5.4 mg/L | Kim et al., (2023) |
| Tetradesmus obliquus | Beet molasses | Linoleic acid | 20.19% | Piasecka et al. (2020) |
| Chlorococcum sp. | Dairy effluent | Linoleic acid | 10.80% | Ummalyma and Sukumaran (2014) |
| P. tricornutum |
Spruce (SH) hydrolysates |
DHA | 4.89% | Patel et al. (2019a, b) |
| I. galbana | 1% D-glucose | Linoleic acid | 87.9 mg/g | Nicodemou et al. (2022) |
| Scenedesmus obliquus | Glucose | Linoleic acid | 26.9 ± 0.0% | Shen et al. (2020) |
| Spirulina platensis | Sodium acetate | Linoleic acid | 1.38 ± 0.21% | Lu et al. (2021a, b) |
| C. pyrenoidosa | Hydrolysate | C16:2, C16:3, C18:2, C18:3 & C18:4 | 35.3% | Zhang et al. (2020) |
| Crypthecodinium cohnii | Lignocellulosic biomass | DHA | 2.2 g/L | Karnaouri et al. (2020) |
| Phaeodactylum tricornutum | Spruce hydrolysate mixed with f/2 medium | EPA | 19.69 mg/L/day | Patel et al. (2019a, b) |
| Fistulifera sp | – | EPA | 17.1% | Liang et al. (2013) |
| Chlorococcum humicola | – | LA | 10.45% of TFA | Hena et al. (2015) |
| Nannochloropsis oculata | Glucose | EPA | 30% | Menegol et al. (2019) |
| Chlorella vulgaris | Glucose | Linoleic | 5.8 ± 0.1 g /100 g | Canelli et al. (2022) |
| T. obliquus | Acetate + glycerol | Linoleic | 11.2 ± 0.4% | Patnaik and Mallick (2020) |
| Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Glucose + NaHCO3 | Arachidonic acid | 1.2 ± 0.01 | Ratnapuram et al. (2018) |
| Chlorella sp | Glucose | Linolenic Acid | 11.7–19.8% | Gao et al. (2019) |
| N. oceanica | Glucose | EPA | 28.09% | Mitra and Mishra (2018) |
| C. vulgaris | Dextrose + Bicarbonate | Linolenic Acid | 10.44% | Whang chai et al. (2021) |
| C. kessleri | Glucose | Alpha linolenic | 22.2% | Deng et al. (2019) |