Table 2.

Changes in total life satisfaction scores (mean change and its 95% CIs) during the retirement transition period (wave − 1 to wave + 1) by sleep problem group of the study population

	Model 1a			Model 2b			Model 3c
	Mean change estimate (95% CI)	p valuee for difference with		Mean change estimate (95% CI)	p valuee for difference with		Mean change estimate (95% CI)	p valuee for difference with		SMD
		‘Never’ group	‘Increasing’ group		‘Never’ group	‘Increasing’ group		‘Never’ group	‘Increasing’ group
Total	0.09 (0.07, 0.11)			0.09 (0.07, 0.11)			0.09 (0.07, 0.11)			0.14
Sleep problem groupd
Never	0.08 (0.05, 0.10)	Ref	0.258	0.08 (0.05, 0.10)	Ref	0.210	0.08 (0.05, 0.10)	Ref	0.202	0.12
Decreasing	0.16 (0.10, 0.22)	0.009	0.006	0.17 (0.11, 0.23)	0.004	0.003	0.17 (0.11, 0.23)	0.003	0.002	0.27
Increasing	0.04 (− 0.02, 0.11)	0.258	Ref	0.03 (− 0.04, 0.10)	0.210	Ref	0.03 (− 0.04, 0.10)	0.202	Ref	0.05
Constant	0.13 (0.08, 0.19)	0.076	0.033	0.12 (0.07, 0.18)	0.121	0.038	0.12 (0.07, 0.18)	0.123	0.037	0.19

CI confidence interval, SMD standardized mean difference

Wave − 1: 0.5 years before retirement, wave + 1: 0.5 years after retirement

^aModel adjusted for age, gender, occupational status and marital status

^bModel additionally adjusted for physical activity, BMI, and smoking

^cModel additionally adjusted for life events

^dSleep problem group: ‘Never’ (no sleep problems at wave − 1 nor at wave + 1), ‘Decreasing’ (sleep problems at wave − 1 but not at wave + 1), ‘Increasing’ (no sleep problems at wave − 1 but sleep problems at wave + 1), ‘Constant’ (sleep problems both at wave − 1 and wave + 1)

^ep value is for the difference in mean estimates in comparison to the sleep problem group of ‘Never’ or ‘Increasing’