Table 2.

Odds ratio models for the association between opioid use and delirium in patients with advanced cancer with the 1:1 propensity-score-matched cohort.

	Delirium event/exposed, n (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)†
Opioid use
Non-user	25/752 (3.32)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
User	46/752 (6.12)	1.90 (1.15–3.12)	2.02 (1.22–3.35)
Dose-dependent association (MEDD)
Non	22/776 (2.84)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Low-dose user	36/647 (5.56)	2.02 (1.18–3.47)	2.21 (1.27–3.84)
High-dose user	15/129 (11.63)	4.51 (2.27–8.95)	5.75 (2.81–11.77)
Ratio of OR (High-dose vs. Low-dose [ref])	–	2.23 (0.93–5.35)	2.60 (1.05–6.44)

CI, confidence interval; MEDD, morphine equivalent daily dose; OR, odds ratio.

^†The model was adjusted for age (< 50, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥ 70 years), sex, chemotherapy during hospitalization, living with family, medical aid recipients, alcohol consumption (0, 1–3, and ≥ 4), smoking (0, 1–3, and ≥ 4), and body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5–25.0, 25.0–30.0, ≥ 30.0 kg/m²).

Numbers in bold indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).