Table 3.

Risk factors analysis.

Outcomes	IVW Causal effect (95% CI)	P value	Heterogeneity Q value	P value	MR-Egger Intercept	P value
Drinking	1.016(1.007–1.025)	0.001	41.833	0.001	−0.001	0.672
Smoking	0.999 (0.991–1.008)	0.885	22.509	0.210	−0.002	0.358
Coffee intake	1.024 (0.992–1.057)	0.141	57.301	2.91 × 10−6	0.009	0.202
BMI	0.923 (0.848–1.004)	0.061	214.664	2.19 × 10−37	0.003	0.872
Circulating leptin levels	0.927 (0.811–1.061)	0.272	19.599	0.188	−0.033	0.197
Obesity	0.999 (0.996–1.003)	0.687	36.406	0.003	4.56 × 10−6	0.995
Fasting insulin	0.99 (0.922–1.062)	0.771	18.934	0.396	−0.003	0.820
Insulin secretion rate	0.67 (0.433–1.038)	0.073	13.667	0.691	−0.027	0.776
Diabetes	0.994 (0.983–1.005)	0.273	52.285	1.20 × 10−6	−0.001	0.629