Table 1.

Summary of Alzheimer’s disease-on-chips

Alzheimer’s disease-on-chips
Neuropathogenesis			Chip model			Ref.Fig.
Targeted pathogenesis	Cell source	Modelling approach	Features	Type	Design
Neuroinflammation	hNeu/Ast/MG	FAD(670N/M671L/V717I) Endo Aβ/pTau	3D/S/C	Circular migration chip	2CHRs/MCs	482 Fig. 2b
BBB dysfunction	hNeu/Ast/Peri/EC	APP/PSEN1 Endo Aβ	3D/S/C	BBB-on-a-chip	5MCs/Bs	452 Fig. 2c
Dysfunction of AQP4	hAst/HBMEC	Exo Aβ/LPS	3D/D/C	Glymphatics-on-a-chip	Central CHRs/2MCs	486
Immune response to Aβ	hNEUT	Exo Aβ mono	2D/S/C/G	Chemotaxis chip	3CHRs/3Vs/MCs	483
Immune response to Aβ	hMG	Exo Aβ mono, oli	2D/S/O/G	Circular chemotaxis chip	2CHRs/MCs	484
Aβ toxicity	pCoNeu	Exo Aβ	3D/D/C	Neurospheroid chip	50 wells/ OP	485 Fig. 2d
Aβ toxicity	pCoNeu	Exo Aβ	2D/D/C/G	Spatial G chip	MCs/OP	451 Fig. 2a
Aβ toxicity	pHiNeu/MG	Exo Aβ oli, fib	2D/D/O	Circular co-culture chip	4CHRs/MCs	479
Aβ toxicity	pCoNeu	Exo Aβ/Glutamate	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	474
Aβ toxicity	pCoNeu	Exo Aβ oli	2D/S/O	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	475
Aβ toxicity transfer	pCoNeu	Exo Aβ mono	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	574
Aβ effect on tauopathy	pCoNeu/pHiNeu	Exo Aβ/pTau	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	476
Tau transfer	pHiNeu	hTau(P301L)	2D/S/C	Neuronal circuit chip	3CHRs/MCs	478
Tau transfer by exosome	pHiNeu	H GFP-tau exosomes	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	110
Tau transfer, aggregation	pCoNeu	hTau	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a chip	3CHRs/MCs	575
Tau transfer	pCoNeu/PHiNeu	hTau(P301L)	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	3CHRs/MCs	477
Tau transfer	pCo/HiNeu	hTau	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	469
Tau transfer	pCoNeu	hTau(P301L)	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	3CHRs/MCs	470
Tau transfer	pCoNeu	hTau	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	471
Tau transfer	pCoNeu	G of OA/pTau	2D/D/C/G	Axon-on-a- chip	2CHRs/main MC/24MCs	473
Tau transfer	hiPSCs Neu	Exo Cy5-Tau mono, oli	2D/S/C	Axon-on-a-chip	2CHRs/MCs	472

AQP4 aquaporin, Ast astrocyte, Aβ amyloid beta, B barrier, BBB blood-brain barrier, C closed, CHR chamber, Cy5 cyanine 5, MC microchannels, D dynamic, EC endothelial cell, endo endogenous, exo exogenous, fib fibril, G gradient, GFP green fluorescent protein, H human, HBMEC human brain microvascular endothelial cell, hiPSC human-induced pluripotent stem cell, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MG microglia, NEUT neutrophil, O open, OA okadaic acid, mono monomer, oli oligomers, OP osmotic pump, pCoNeu primary cortical neuron, Peri pericyte, pHiNeu primary hippocampal neuron, pTau hyperphosphorylation of tau, S static, V valve.