Table 2.
Summary of Parkinson’s disease-on-chips
| Parkinson’s disease-on-chips | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropathogenesis | Chip model | Ref Fig | ||||
| Targeted pathogenesis | Cell source | Modelling approach | Features | Type | Design | |
| Inflammation/ BBB disruption | ptPSCsNeu/Peri/Ast | LRRK2-G2019S | 3D/S/C | BBB-on-a-chip | 3CHRs/B | 497 |
| BBB disruption | hiPSCs DANeu/pAst/MG/Peri/HBMECs | Exo h α-syn mono, fib | 3D/D/C | BBB-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/B | 453 Fig. 2h |
| Mitochondrial abnormality/ α-syn toxicity | HNESCs DANeu | LRRK2-G2019S | 3D/S/C | Co-culture chip | CHRs/B | 461 Fig. 2g |
| α-syn transfer, toxicity | H4 cell line | Exo α-syn-GFP | 2D/D/C | Co-culture chip | 2CHRs/1MC/V | 494 Fig. 2e |
| Mitochondrial damage | PC12 cell line | 6-OHDA | 2D/D/C/G | G chip | Linear MCs | 487 |
| α-syn inclusion | S. cerevisiae | GFP-α-syn SNCA(A53T) | 2D/S/C | Automated chip | CHRs/Ts | 496 |
| α-syn inclusion | S. cerevisiae | GFP-α-syn mono,fib | 2D/S/C/G | G generator chip | CHR/Ts | 450 Fig. 2f |
| α-syn transfer | hiPSCs CoNeu | Exo α-syn mono, fib | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/ asymmetric MCs | 495 |
| α-syn transfer | pHiNeu | Exo α-syn fib | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 3CHRs/MCs | 576 |
| α-syn transfer | pHiNeu | Exo α-syn fib | 2D/S/C | Neuronal network chip | 2-6IC/Heart-arrow MCs | 441 |
| α-syn transfer | pCoNeu | Exo α-syn fibrils | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 488 |
| α-syn transfer | pCoNeu | Exo α-syn fib | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 489 |
| Mitochondrial abnormalities | pCoNeu | Rotetone | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 490 |
| Mitochondrial abnormalities | ptPSCsNeu | SNCA(E46K,E57K) α-syn oli | 2D/S/C | Axon-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 492 |
6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine, Ast astrocyte, B barrier, BBB blood-brain barrier, C closed, CHR chamber, D dynamic, DA Neu dopaminergic neuron, ECM extracellular matrix, exo exogenous, fib fibril, G gradient, GFP green fluorescent protein, hBMEC human brain microvascular endothelial cell, hiPSC human-induced pluripotent stem cell, hNESC human neuroepithelial stem cell, IC interlocking units, MC microchannel, MG microglia, mono monomer, oli oligomer, pCoNeu primary cortical neuron, Peri pericyte, pHiNeu primary hippocampal neuron, ptPSCs patient pluripotent stem cells, S static, T trap, V valve, α-syn alpha synuclein.