Table 3.
Summary of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-on-chips
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-on-chips | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropathogenesis | Chip model | Ref. Fig. | ||||
| Targeted pathogenesis | Cell source | Modelling approach | Features | Type | Design | |
| NMJ impairment | hiPSCs MN/hMesangioblast | FUS(P525L, R521H) | 3D/S/C/G | NMJ-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 503 Fig. 2j |
| NMJ impairment | hiPSCs MN/pMyoblast | C9ORF72 | 2D/S/C | Radial chip | 2CHRs/MCs | 504 |
| NMJ impairment | ESCs MN/Ast/pMyofibres | SOD1(G93A) | 3D/S/O | NMJ-on-a-chip | 3CHRs/MCs/2 anchors | 505 Fig. 2k |
| NMJ impairment | ptMN hiPSCs Myoblasts | TDP-43(G298S) | 3D/S/C | NMJ-on-a-chip | 2CHRs/pillars | 506 Fig. 2l |
| NMJ impairment | pCoNeu/Ast | SOD1(G93A) | 2D/D/C/G | NMJ-on-a- chip | 2CHRs/main MC/MCs | 502 Fig. 2i |
Ast astrocyte, C close, CHR chamber, D dynamic, ESC embryonic stem cell, G gradient, h human, hiPSC human-induced pluripotent stem cell, MC microchannel, MN motor neuron, NMJ neuromuscular junction, O open, P primary, pCoNeu primary cortical neuron, Pt patient, S static.