Figure 4.

Suppression of LMVN GABAergic neurons promotes wake-to-NREM transinsions but impedes NREM-to-REM transitions in the light phase

(A) The number of transitions between sleep-wake states in GAD1/LMVN/M4 mice for the first 5 h following the administration of saline (black circles) or CNO (red circles) at ZT12. Data obtained from the same mouse are connected with a line (n = 8 mice). W, N, and, R indicate wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, respectively. Arrows denote the direction of the transition. A1, W to N; A2, N to W; A3, R to W; A4, W to R; A5, N to R; A6, R to N.

(B) Same as (A) but the administration at ZT0 (n = 14 mice).

(C) Probability of transitions between sleep-wake states in GAD1/LMVN/M4 mice for the first 5 h following the administration of saline (black circles) or CNO (red circles) at ZT12. Transition probability (as an example, N to R) was calculated by dividing the number of the N to R transitions by the total number of transitions from N to W or R. The mice in which N or R was not observed for the first 5 h following the administration of saline or CNO were discarded from the analysis of transition probability (N to R, n = 7 mice; R to N, n = 5 mice).

(D) Same as (C), but for administration at ZT0 (n = 14 mice; no mice were discarded). ∗p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.