Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants grouped by AIP quartiles.
| Characteristic | All (N = 25,057) |
Q1 a (N = 6264) |
Q2 (N = 6264) |
Q3 (N = 6264) |
Q4 (N = 6265) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 54.3 (7.5) | 53.3 (7.4) | 54.3 (7.5) | 54.9 (7.5) | 54.6 (7.4) |
| Female population | 13,416 (53.5%) | 4754 (75.9%) | 3901 (62.3%) | 3012 (48.1%) | 1749 (27.9%) |
| IMD b | 14.7 (12.0) | 14.0 (11.5) | 14.4 (11.8) | 14.8 (12.2) | 15.4 (12.6) |
| WHR c | |||||
| Ideal | 15,140 (60.4%) | 5334 (85.2%) | 4436 (70.8%) | 3357 (53.6%) | 2013 (32.1%) |
| Poor | 9917 (39.6%) | 930 (14.8%) | 1828 (29.2%) | 2907 (46.4%) | 4252 (67.9%) |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Never smoking | 23,499 (93.8%) | 5971 (95.3%) | 5936 (94.8%) | 5848 (93.4%) | 5744 (91.7%) |
| Never drinking | 1109 (4.4%) | 214 (3.4%) | 254 (4.1%) | 283 (4.5%) | 358 (5.7%) |
| Regular physical activity d | 13,745 (54.9%) | 3823 (61.0%) | 3483 (55.6%) | 3331 (53.2%) | 3108 (49.6%) |
| Healthy sleep pattern e | 14,822 (59.2%) | 4112 (65.6%) | 3859 (61.6%) | 3514 (56.1%) | 3337 (53.3%) |
| Healthy diet f | 10,058 (40.1%) | 2884 (46.0%) | 2703 (43.2%) | 2359 (37.7%) | 2112 (33.7%) |
| Cardiometabolic factors | |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.0 (17.6) | 130.0 (17.6) | 132.0 (17.7) | 136.0 (17.5) | 138.0 (16.5) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.2 (10.0) | 78.3 (9.6) | 80.1 (9.7) | 82.2 (9.8) | 84.2 (9.6) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.5 (4.3) | 33.7 (3.6) | 34.2 (3.7) | 34.7 (4.3) | 35.4 (5.3) |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.7 (1,0) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.9 (1.0) | 6.1 (1.0) |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.7 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.8 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) |
| Prevalence of comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 3834 (15.3%) | 601 (9.6%) | 835 (13.3%) | 1070 (17.1%) | 1328 (21.2%) |
| Diabetes | 224 (0.9%) | 31 (0.5%) | 34 (0.5%) | 63 (1.0%) | 96 (1.5%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 112 (0.5%) | 18 (0.3%) | 31 (0.5%) | 33 (0.5%) | 30 (0.5%) |
| Stroke | 76 (0.3%) | 12 (0.2%) | 21 (0.3%) | 17 (0.3%) | 26 (0.4%) |
Abbreviations: index of multiple deprivation, IMD; waist-to-hip ratio, WHR; Systolic blood pressure, SBP; diastolic blood pressure, DBP; hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; total cholesterol, TC; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; atherogenic index of plasma, AIP. a AIP was categorized by quartile: Q1 (<−0.88), Q2 (−0.22 to −0.01), Q3 (−0.01 to 0.20), and Q4 (≥0.20). b IMD was measured by even domains of deprivation: crime score, community safety score, education score, employment score, health score, housing score, income score, living environment score, access to services score, and physical environment score. c WHR was calculated as waist circumference (centimeter) divided by hip circumference (centimeter) and categorized into ideal (<0.9 for men and <0.85 for women) and poor (≥0.9 for men and ≥0.85 for women). d Regular physical activity: ≥150 min of moderate-intensity per week or ≥75 min of vigorous-intensity per week, or a combination of both. e Healthy sleep pattern was measured by 5 dimensions of sleep behaviors: early chronotype, sleep 7–8 h/day, never/rarely or sometimes insomnia, no self-reported snoring, and never/rarely or sometimes excessive daytime sleepiness, and categorized into yes (≥4 healthy components) and no. f Healthy diet was measured by seven healthy diet components: Fruits: ≥3 servings/day; Vegetables: ≥3 servings/day; Fish: ≥2 servings/week; Processed meats: ≤1 serving/week; Unprocessed red meats: ≤1.5 servings/week; Whole grains: ≥3 servings/day; Refined grains: ≤1.5 servings/day, and categorized into yes (participants had ≥4 healthy diet components) and no.