BHJ	Bulk hetero-junction
BIPVs	Building-integrated photovoltaics
c-Si	Crystalline silicon
CPV	Concentrated photovoltaic system
CIGS	Copper indium gallium sulfur/selenide
CSPC	Carrier-selective passivating contact
Cz-Si	Czochralski-grown silicon
DST	Double-side textured
EQE	External quantum efficiency
ETL	Electron-transporting layer
FTO	Fluorine-doped tin oxide
HTL	Hole-transporting layer
IBC	Interdigitated back contact
IoT	Internet of Things
LCA	Life cycle assessment
MOF	Metal–organic framework
NBG	Narrow bandgap
OPV	Organic photovoltaic cell
OSC	Organic solar cell
PCE	Power conversion efficiency
PERC	Passivated emitter and rear cell
PID	Potential–induced degradation
PSC	Perovskite solar cell
PSM	Perovskite solar module
R2R	roll-to-roll
S2S	sheet-to-sheet
S-Q	Shockley–Queisser
SRH	Shockley–Read–Hall
SST	Single-sided textured
TSC	Tandem solar cell
TOPCon	Tunnel oxide passivated contact
WBG	Wide bandgap